Graphene Oxide/Ag Nanoparticles Cooperated with Simvastatin as a High Sensitive X‐Ray Computed Tomography Imaging Agent for Diagnosis of Renal Dysfunctions

Abstract

Graphene oxides (GO) are attracting much attention in the diagnosis and therapy of the subcutaneous tumor as a novel biomaterial, but its diagnosis to tissue dysfunction is yet to be found. Here, a novel application of GO for diagnosis of renal dysfunction via contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) is proposed. In order to serve as contrast‐enhanced agent, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) are composited on the surface of GO to promote its X‐ray absorption, and then simvastatin is coinjected for eliminating in vivo toxicity induced by AgNPs. It is found that GO/AgNPs can enhance the imaging of CT into the lung, liver, and kidney of mice for a long circulation time (≈24 h) and a safety profile in vivo in the presence of simvastatin. Interestingly, the lower dose of GO/AgNPs (≈0.5 mg per kg bw) shows an excellent performance for CT imaging of renal perfusion, and visually exhibits the right renal dysfunction in model mice. Hence, this work suggests that graphene nanoparticles will play a vital role for the future medical translational development including drug carrier, biosensing, and disease therapy.

Chloroquine drug and Graphene complex for treatment of COVID-19

“…The drug delivery systems can control the drug release in vivo and increase performance encapsulation and absorption 26,27 . Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have π − π stacking interactions or covalent crosslinking with drug molecules due to their small size [28][29][30][31] . Graphene, as a member of nanomaterials with a two-dimensional structure with strong π − π stacking bond 32 , has unique physical, chemical and optical properties.…”

Functional Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

“…In view of these advantages, nanocarriers including nanoparticles, vesicles, nanosheets, and nanocapsules have been intensively investigated in the biomedical field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. As a member of the nanocarrier, graphene oxide (GO) was also focused in the biomedical field on account of the large specific surface area, mechanical properties, and very high aspect ratio [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Especially, the π-conjugated structure of GO could conjugate with a number of drug molecules either through π − π stacking interaction or through chemical covalent crosslinking [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…As a member of the nanocarrier, graphene oxide (GO) was also focused in the biomedical field on account of the large specific surface area, mechanical properties, and very high aspect ratio [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Especially, the π-conjugated structure of GO could conjugate with a number of drug molecules either through π − π stacking interaction or through chemical covalent crosslinking [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, pure GO lacks a bioactive site to support cell growth, which restricted its application in the biomedical field.…”

“…The nanocarrier exhibited a controllable drug release capacity without obvious cytotoxicity [16]. Another GO nanocarrier for the diagnosis of renal dysfunction was designed by Li et al [10]. In the research, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized on the surface of GO to promote its X-ray absorption, and simvastatin was further simultaneously introduced to eliminate the toxicity of AgNPs.…”

“…In the research, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized on the surface of GO to promote its X-ray absorption, and simvastatin was further simultaneously introduced to eliminate the toxicity of AgNPs. Their results revealed that GO/AgNPs could enhance the signals of computed tomography (CT) in the lung, liver, and kidney of mice for a long circulation time and the presence of simvastatin ensured in vivo safety [10]. Also, the galactosylated chitosan/graphene oxide/doxorubicin (GC-GO-DOX) nanocarrier drug delivery system for cancer therapy was designed and synthesized [11].…”