Graphene oxide and carbon dots as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents – a minireview

Abstract

Complex antibacterial mechanisms of graphene oxide and carbon dots.

Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Loaded Graphene Oxide towards Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

“…The factors influence to antibacterial effect come the medium culture condition (Mueller-Hinton Broth) or the purity of GO [55]. In contrast, other reports showed that GO had a bactericidal effect [10,56]. Previously, a three-step antibacterial mechanism of graphene-based materials was proposed: initial cell deposition, membrane stress caused by direct contact and oxidation stress on glutathione, which serve as a redox mediator in bacteria [7].…”

Microwave assisted synthesis of negative-charge carbon dots with potential antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria

“…In previous research, the CDs, including carbon quantum dots (CQDs; sp 2 /sp 3 carbon) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs; sp 2 carbon), can be functionalized with different molecules or other functional groups for labelling, sensing, tissue imaging, and antibacterial applications. 20 Hence, the determination of the functional groups of the CDs is very important for the following applications. In this research, the functional groups of the negative-charge CDs were measured by using the FT-IR instrument and the data was as shown in Fig.…”

Quaternized carbon quantum dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for treatment of wounds infected with mixed bacteria

“…Compared with reported nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials (e.g. fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon quantum dots) with broad spectral coverage and other superior material properties have attracted wider attention in antibacterial and related applications in recent years [8][9][10] . Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), especially hetero-element doped CQDs with particle size of less than 10 nm, stand out in the eld of antibacterial research due to their advantageous properties including nontoxic nature, photostability, versatility in surface functionality for desired microbial adhesion and interactions, and their production from abundant and inexpensive precursors for extremely broad and low to ultralow cost applications [11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”