Graphene oxide and its derivatives as potential Ovchinnikov ferromagnets

Abstract

Ovchinnikov postulated the possibility of ferromagnetism in organic compounds having a mixed density of sp 3 and sp 2 carbon atoms. Such systems provide an interesting avenue for exploring magnetism in the absence of the quintessential d-and f -block elements as ingredients. As graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives naturally possess a mixture of sp 3 and sp 2 carbon atoms, it is pertinent to look at them as potential candidates for Ovchinnikov ferromagnetism. We have looked at the evolution of magnetic property in a series of GO samples with a gradual increase in the degree of oxidation and hence the sp 3 /sp 2 fraction. Starting with a GO sample with a high sp 3 /sp 2 ratio, we utilize chemical reduction technique to prepare another set of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) samples. Magnetization measurements on these samples further illustrate the importance of sp 3 /sp 2 fraction on magnetic behavior suggesting GO and its derivatives as a potential Ovchinnikov ferromagnet candidate. The evolution of magnetic moment with sp 3 /sp 2 carbons can be utilized in carbon based spintronic applications.

Ameliorating Effects of Graphene Oxide on Cadmium Accumulation and Eco-Physiological Characteristics in a Greening Hyperaccumulator (Lonicera japonica Thunb.)

“…As one of the most attractive NMs with multiple forms, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) with nano-sized and unique physico-chemical properties, including graphene oxide (GO), single-walled carbon nanotubes, multiple-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles and fullerenes, provoke tremendous scientific interest for nanotechnology development of a wide range of medical and industrial applications [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Among them, GO, as a novel CBN, presents the widest application duo to more fascinating properties, such as high surface area, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical strength, high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. As a chemically modified graphene, GO contains a single-atom-thick two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms [ 19 , 20 ].…”