Graphene Oxide‐Based Adsorbents for Organic‐Dyes Removal from Contaminated Water: A Review

Abstract

Polluted organic dyes in water are considered as some of the most serious problems affecting humans. Adsorption techniques using traditional adsorbents such as clay, zeolite, silica, active carbon, and polymers are low cost, safe, and efficient for the treatment of organic dyes in contaminated water. However, traditional adsorbents usually have low adsorption capacity (q max ). To improve q max , graphene oxide (GO) is considered as an excellent adsorption enhancer owing to its two-dimensional single atomic layer material of sp 2 -hybridised carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice structure with high surface area, high solubility, good chemical stability, strong mechanical strength, and excellent thermal stability. In this review, the synthesis and advantage results on improving the adsorption efficiency and q max when applying GO-based nanocomposites as nanosorbents for organic-dye removal are systematised and discussed in detail.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Acacia ehrenbergiana Plant Cortex Extract for Efficient Removal of Rhodamine B Cationic Dye from Wastewater and the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

“…In recent years, the high demand for modern technologies has led to water contamination by various pollutants, including toxic organic dyes and microorganisms. Organic dyes are classified into three types: cellulose fiber dyes (direct, sulfur, and indigo dyes), protein fiber dyes (azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane, and phthalocyanine dyes), and synthetic fiber dyes (disperse and basic dyes). − These dyes are used in various industrial, medical, and biological applications, such as printing, staining, food, textile, paper, drug production, and painting. − However, releasing the aqueous industrial waste of these toxic dyes into natural water resources without pretreatment poses a significant threat to the environment and ecosystem. Such contamination can alter the properties of the soil, which threatens the fauna and flora in the vicinity, in addition to causing the death of microorganisms.…”

Loose and Encased Graphite for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Process Optimization and Principal Component Analysis

“…S2). This phenomenon is due to an abrupt increase in the exposed surface area (and hence active sites) upon further processing of graphite to expanded graphite or nanoscale graphenic particles [57][58][59]. Furthermore, modification of the processed graphite with additional functional groups increases the adsorption tendency towards methylene blue.…”