Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes,
with highly
ordered nanochannels
between the adjacent layers, have revealed potential application prospects
in various fields. To separate gases with similar kinetic diameters,
intercalation of a functional liquid, especially an ionic liquid (IL),
into 2D lamellar membranes is proved to be an efficient method due
to the capacity of imparting solubility-based separation and sealing
undesired defects. Stable immobilization of a high content of liquid
is challenging but extremely required to achieve and maintain high
separation performance. Herein, we describe the intercalation of a
typical IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]), into the ionized nanochannels of sulfonated MXene lamellar
membranes, where the sulfonate groups are anchored onto MXene nanosheets
through a facile method based on metal-catechol chelating chemistry.
Thanks to the intrinsic benefits of MXene as building blocks and the
decorated sulfonate groups, the optimal membrane possesses adequate
interlayer spacing (∼1.8 nm) and high IL uptake (∼47
wt %) and therefore presents a CO2 permeance of 519 GPU
and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 210, outperforming
the previously reported liquid-immobilized lamellar membranes. Moreover,
the IL loss rate of the membrane within 7 days at elevated pressure
(5 bar) is measured to be significantly decreased (from 43.2 to 9.0
wt %) after growing sulfonate groups on the nanochannel walls, demonstrating
the excellent IL storage stability.