Graphene oxide nanoribbons as nanomaterial for bone regeneration: Effects on cytotoxicity, gene expression and bactericidal effect

Ricci, Ritchelli; Leite, Nelly C. S.; Silva, Newton Soares da; Soares, Cristina Pacheco; Canevari, Renata de Azevedo; Marciano, Fernanda R.; Webster, Thomas J; Lobo, Anderson Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.278

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Wei et al demonstrated that pristine GO inhibited the proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at a high concentration of 10 μg/mL, while enhanced proliferation of BMSCs at a low concentration of 0.1 μg/mL [ 44 ]. Similarly, a decreased number of cells was observed clearly with 200 μg/mL of GO and a greater cytotoxicity effect was reported with 300 μg/mL of GO [ 45 ]. What’s more, Kim et al found that preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) viabilities were slightly affected by rGO at concentrations < 62.5 μg/mL, but were significantly ( p < 0.05) diminished at higher concentrations (≥ 100 μg/mL) [ 23 ].…”

Section: Challenges In Determining the Bio-safety Of Graphene Family mentioning

confidence: 78%

Graphene Family Materials in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Perspectives and Challenges

2018

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We have witnessed abundant breakthroughs in research on the bio-applications of graphene family materials in current years. Owing to their nanoscale size, large specific surface area, photoluminescence properties, and antibacterial activity, graphene family materials possess huge potential for bone tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, and biological sensing/imaging applications. In this review, we retrospect recent progress and achievements in graphene research, as well as critically analyze and discuss the bio-safety and feasibility of various biomedical applications of graphene family materials for bone tissue regeneration.

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Section: Challenges In Determining the Bio-safety Of Graphene Family mentioning

confidence: 78%

Graphene Family Materials in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Perspectives and Challenges

2018

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of GO on normal, cancer, or bacterial cells. 13,18,19 However, some data suggested that GO is a safe biologic material that can even enhance the viabilities of certain human cancer cells without any toxicity. 20 These controversial effects were influenced by various factors, especially blood proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy involved in graphene oxide nanomaterial anti-osteosarcoma effect

Tang

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2018

IJN

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BackgroundGraphene and its derivative graphene oxide (GO) have been implicated in a wide range of anticancer effects.PurposeThe objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of GO on two osteosarcoma (OSA) cancer cell lines, MG-63 and K7M2 cells.MethodsMG-63 and K7M2 cells were treated by GO (0–50 µg/mL) for various time periods. Cell viability was tested by MTT and Live/Dead assays. A ROS Detection Kit based on DHE oxidative reaction was used for ROS detection. An Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Kit was used for apoptosis detection. Dansylcadaverine (MDC) dyeing was applied for seeking unspecific autophagosomes. Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis were used for related protein expression and location.ResultsK7M2 cells were more sensitive to GO compared with MG-63 cells. The mechanism was attributed to the different extent of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In K7M2 cells, ROS was easily stimulated and the apoptosis pathway was subsequently activated, accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptosis proteins (such as caspase-3) and decreased expression levels of antiapoptosis proteins (such as Bcl-2). A ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine) could alleviate the cytotoxic effects of GO in K7M2 cells. However, the production of ROS in MG-63 cells was probably inhibited by the activation of an antioxidative factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2, which translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after GO treatment, while a nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 inhibitor (ML385) significantly increased ROS production in MG-63 cells when combined with GO treatment. In addition, autophagy was simultaneously stimulated by characteristic autophagosome formation, autophagy flux, and increased the expression level of autophagy-related proteins (such as LC3I to LC3II conversion, ATG5, and ATG7).ConclusionThis paper proposes various underlying mechanisms of the anticancer effect of GO. The novel synthetic use of GO with an oxidizing agent is the key step for further potential applications in clinical OSA cancer therapy.

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“…Greater ALP activity was observed after treatment of hBMSCs with 10 μg/mL GONR. In a similar study by Ricci et al, 85 up to 100 μg/mL of GONR seemed to not dramatically change gene expression of ALP, OCN, OPN and Runx2, whereas higher concentrations (200 μg/mL) showed reduction in expression of genes, playing a critical role in bone regeneration process.…”

Section: Graphene and Its Derivatives' Properties Affecting Osteogenesismentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In the similar study, 100 μg/mL of the GONR were reported to present no cytotoxic effect on osteoblasts. 85 RGO NPs also showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, as concentrations >60 μg/mL seemed to reduce viability. 58,110 In a study by Mehrali M et al, 86 1.5 wt % RGO-containing composite displayed the most viable cells compared to CS with 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0 wt % RGO.…”

Section: Concentration Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 95%

In vitro effect of graphene structures as an osteoinductive factor in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review

Mohammadrezaei

Golzar

Rad

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Graphene and its derivatives have been well-known as influential factors in differentiating stem/progenitor cells toward the osteoblastic lineage. However, there have been many controversies in the literature regarding the parameters effect on bone regeneration, including graphene concentration, size, type, dimension, hydrophilicity, functionalization, and composition. This study attempts to produce a comprehensive review regarding the given parameters and their effects on stimulating cell behaviors such as proliferation, viability, attachment and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, a systematic search of MEDLINE database was conducted for in vitro studies on the use of graphene and its derivatives for bone tissue engineering from January 2000 to February 2018, organized according to the PRISMA statement. According to reviewed articles, different graphene derivative, including graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with mass ratio ≤1.5 wt % for all and concentration up to 50 μg/mL for graphene and GO, and 60 μg/mL for RGO, are considered to be safe for most cell types. However, these concentrations highly depend on the types of cells. It was discovered that graphene with lateral size less than 5 µm, along with GO and RGO with lateral dimension less than 1 µm decrease cell viability. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of graphene can promote cell-cell interaction, migration and proliferation. When graphene and its derivatives are incorporated with metals, polymers, and minerals, they frequently show promoted mechanical properties and bioactivity. Last, graphene and its derivatives have been found to increase the surface roughness and porosity, which can highly enhance cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2284-2343, 2018.

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Graphene oxide nanoribbons as nanomaterial for bone regeneration: Effects on cytotoxicity, gene expression and bactericidal effect

Cited by 46 publications

References 52 publications

Graphene Family Materials in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Perspectives and Challenges

Graphene Family Materials in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Perspectives and Challenges

Mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy involved in graphene oxide nanomaterial anti-osteosarcoma effect

In vitro effect of graphene structures as an osteoinductive factor in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review

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