Graphene Oxide Nanosurface Reduces Apoptotic Death of HCT116 Colon Carcinoma Cells Induced by Zirconium Trisulfide Nanoribbons

Abstract

Due to their chemical, mechanical, and optical properties, 2D ultrathin nanomaterials have significant potential in biomedicine. However, the cytotoxicity of such materials, including their mutual increase or decrease, is still not well understood. We studied the effects that graphene oxide (GO) nanolayers (with dimensions 0.1–3 μm and average individual flake thickness less than 1 nm) and ZrS3 nanoribbons (length more than 10 μm, width 0.4–3 μm, and thickness 50–120 nm) have on the viability, cell cycle, and cell death of HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. We found that ZrS3 exhibited strong cytotoxicity by causing apoptotic cell death, which was in contrast to GO. When adding GO to ZrS3, ZrS3 was significantly less toxic, which may be because GO inhibits the effects of cytotoxic hydrogen sulfide produced by ZrS3. Thus, using zirconium trisulfide nanoribbons as an example, we have demonstrated the ability of graphene oxide to reduce the cytotoxicity of another nanomaterial, which may be of practical importance in biomedicine, including the development of biocompatible nanocoatings for scaffolds, theranostic nanostructures, and others.

Carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials: a next generation biocidal agent

“…CB-2D-Ms can provide mechanical flexibility together with large surface area and pore size distribution. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Additionally, several studies have shown that CB-2D-Ms can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Usually, their antibacterial activity can be attributed to various mechanisms, such as disruption of bacterial cell membranes, oxidative stress, and inhibition of bacterial adhesion.…”

Graphene Scaffolds: A Striking Approach to Combat Dermatophytosis

“…Numerous investigations are being accomplished using sharp-edged GN for its potential to promote cell lysis that mediates antimicrobial activity. Its two-dimensional planer structure, narrow thickness (0.35 nm), small size (5 nm), large surface area (2630 m 2 /g), mechanical flexibility, and thermal conductivity with an appreciable young’s module (1TPa) endorse striking dynamics to develop and design diverse topical drug delivery systems for the management and alleviation of skin bugs/ailments caused by microorganisms [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Former studies reveal variable pathways of GN i.e., protein dysfunction, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, plasma membrane perturbation, and transcriptional arrest to eliminate microorganisms [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”