Graphene Oxides and the Angiogenic Process

Patra, Chitta Ranjan

doi:10.2217/nnm.15.141

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, generation of low levels of ROS owing to GO incorporation could be considered as a pro‐angiogenic signaling molecule. However, regarding cytotoxicity, this potential is dose‐dependent, and for higher concentrations of GO, the result would be inverse . The activation of phospho‐eNOS and phospho‐Akt, as well as the intracellular formation of reactive nitrogen species, might be considered as other possibilities to explain the increased vascularization of rGO‐coated scaffolds .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

Norahan

Amroon

Ghahremanzadeh

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

104

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The application of a cardiac patch over the epicardial surface has shown positive effects in protecting cardiac function postinfarction. Electroactive patches could enhance electrical signal propagation among cardiac cells. In the present study, an electrically active composite of collagen and graphene oxide (Col-GO) was fabricated as a cardiac patch. Col scaffolds were fabricated using a freeze-drying method and coated covalently with GO. Some scaffolds were also reduced by a reduction agent to restore the high conductivity of GO. GO was shown to be a single layer with suitable lateral size for biological application. The Col-GO scaffolds contained randomly oriented interconnected pores with appropriate pore sizes of 120-138 AE 8 μm. GO flakes were also well distributed in the pore walls. By increasing the GO concentration, the tensile strength of the scaffolds was enhanced from 75 kPa for Col-GO-5 to 162 kPa for Col-GO-90. Young modulus also followed the same trend. Electrical conductivity of the scaffolds was in the range of semi-conductive materials (~10 −4 S/m), which is suitable for cardiac tissue engineering applications. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay indicated no toxic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after 96 h. Also, a 10-days degradation product of the samples was compatible with HUVECs. Reduced scaffolds supported neonatal cardiomyocyte adhesion and upregulated the expression of the cardiac genes, including Cx43, Actin4, and Trpt-2 than their nonconductive counterparts. The obtained results confirmed the angiogenic properties of reduced Go-containing materials for cardiovascular applications where angiogenesis plays an important role, especially postinfarction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

Norahan

Amroon

Ghahremanzadeh

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

104

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“…GO can induce angiogenesis and contribute to nutrient formation and transportation in bone regeneration . Low concentrations of GO can be pro‐angiogenic by regulating the intracellular expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) . We also evaluate this important property of GO after long‐term nerve restoration in vivo and reveal the underlying mechanism in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis

et al. 2018

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Treating peripheral nerve injury faces major challenges and may benefit from bioactive scaffolds due to the limited autograft resources. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties. GO has functional groups that confer biocompatibility that is better than that of graphene. Here, GO/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds are fabricated using an integration molding method. The nanoscaffolds exhibit many merits, including even GO nanoparticle distribution, macroporous structure, and strong mechanical support. Additionally, the process enables excellent quality control. In vitro studies confirm the advantages of the GO/PCL nanoscaffolds in terms of Schwann cell proliferation, viability, and attachment, as well as neural characteristics maintenance. This is the first study to evaluate the in vivo performance of GO‐based nanoscaffolds in this context. GO release and PCL biodegradation is analyzed after long‐term in vivo study. It is also found that the GO/PCL nerve guidance conduit could successfully repair a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect. The pro‐angiogenic characteristic of GO is evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the AKT‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway might play a major role in the angiogenic process. These findings demonstrate that the GO/PCL nanoscaffold efficiently promotes functional and morphological recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration, indicating its promise for tissue engineering applications.

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“…The unique “nano” properties present in natural biological ECM can be mimicked artificially through latest technological innovations for tissue engineering applications. The proangiogenic property vested with inorganic nanoparticles made of europium, lanthanide, gold, and graphene oxides have proven not only growth factor proteins, but inorganic nanoparticles can also play a significant role in cardiovascular therapeutics assisting through therapeutic angiogenesis. Hence molecules from biological (growth factors and cell cycle regulators) and nonbiological (nanoparticles) sources along with tissue engineered scaffolds and cells aid in the treatment of CVDs in near future.…”

Section: Future Prospectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of next generation cardiovascular therapeutics through bio‐assisted nanotechnology

Lakshmanan

Maulik

2017

J Biomed Mater Res

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank, next to cancer and stroke, among the deadliest diseases in the world. Among the major CVDs, acute myocardial infarction is a lifethreatening disorder resulting from permanent damage to the left ventricular cardiac tissue. The major coronary arteries that supply blood to the functional left ventricle become blocked due to thrombotic plaque occlusion. During myocardial ischemia, oxidative stress and free radicals destroy healthy cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, followed by degradation of the extracellular matrix, which results in ventricular wall-thinning and dilation. To protect the left ventricle from further damage and to rescue ischemic cardiac tissue, specially designed scaffolds consisting of biological material and nanomaterials have been developed. At the preclinical level, scaffolds loaded with growth factors and cells have been shown to regenerate ischemic tissue into healthy, functional myocardium. In this review, different therapeutic strategies currently available to treat the disease conditions at various stages are discussed, with special emphasis on biomaterials. Recent advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics using graphene and exosomal nanovesicles are discussed in detail. In addition, future directions for the development of next-generation cardiovascular therapeutics with biological and non-biological materials through nano-assisted technology are explored.

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Graphene Oxides and the Angiogenic Process

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis

Development of next generation cardiovascular therapeutics through bio‐assisted nanotechnology

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