Graphene quantum dots redefine nanobiomedicine

Henna, T.K.; Pramod, K.

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.110651

Cited by 170 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…GQDs are considered as a novel type of QDs with good biocompatibility and provide a bright prospect in the neuroscience application, but the biosafety of them in the CNS has not yet been confirmed. Apart from reported studies showing the blood-brain barrier permeability of GQDs [ 4 ], we also observed the fluorescence signal of GQDs in the brain of mice injected with GQDs (Fig. S 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Therefore, it is an emerging research topic regarding the risks of GQDs in the CNS. Recently, researchers have demonstrated the contribution of GQDs to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of brain diseases [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. However, since most studies about GQDs in the CNS are involved in the application rather than the toxicity, the rare data from the neurotoxicological studies on GQDs will reversely impose restrictions on the application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia

Liu

et al. 2020

Part Fibre Toxicol

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Background Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) provide a bright prospect in the biomedical application because they contain low-toxic compounds and promise imaging of deep tissues and tiny vascular structures. However, the biosafety of this novel QDs has not been thoroughly evaluated, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The microarray analysis provides a hint that nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) exposure could cause ferroptosis in microglia, which is a novel form of cell death dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Results The cytosolic iron overload, glutathione (GSH) depletion, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were observed in microglial BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that N-GQDs could damage the iron metabolism and redox balance in microglia. The pre-treatments of a specific ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and an iron chelater Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) not only inhibited cell death, but also alleviated iron overload, LPO and alternations in ferroptosis biomarkers in microglia, which were caused by N-GQDs. When assessing the potential mechanisms of N-GQDs causing ferroptosis in microglia, we found that the iron content, ROS generation and LPO level in mitochondria of BV2 cells all enhanced after N-GQDs exposure. When the antioxidant ability of mitochondria was increased by the pre-treatment of a mitochondria targeted ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO, the ferroptotic biological changes were effectively reversed in BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that the N-GQDs-induced ferroptosis in microglia could be attributed to the mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, amino functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) elicited milder redox imbalance in mitochondria and resulted in less ferroptotic effects than N-GQDs in microglia, which suggested a slight protection of amino group functionalization in GQDs causing ferroptosis. Conclusion N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis in microglia via inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the ferroptotic effects induced by A-GQDs were milder than N-GQDs when the exposure method is same. This study will not only provide new insights in the GQDs-induced cell damage performed in multiple types of cell death, but also in the influence of chemical modification on the toxicity of GQDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia

Liu

et al. 2020

Part Fibre Toxicol

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“…A schematic diagram showing the drug delivery and release in GQDs based system is shown in Fig. 11 [181]. First, the drugs are delivered to the target cells by EPR effect or the targeting ligand, then up taken by cells.…”

Section: Applications Of Gqds In Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Illustration of receptor-mediated endocytosis of targeting ligand-conjugated GQDs loaded with an anticancer drug into a tumor cell and drug release inside the cell (reprinted/reproduced with the permission of Ref. [ 181 ], (reprinted/reproduced with the permission of Ref. [ 181 ], copyright 2020, Materials Science & Engineering: C) …”

Section: Applications Of Gqds In Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery

et al. 2020

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This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in drug delivery. To give a brief understanding about the preparation of GQDs, recent advances in methods of GQDs synthesis are first presented. Afterwards, various drug delivery-release modes of GQDs-based drug delivery systems such as EPR-pH delivery-release mode, ligand-pH delivery-release mode, EPR-Photothermal delivery-Release mode, and Core/Shell-photothermal/magnetic thermal delivery-release mode are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospective application of GQDs in drug delivery are discussed.

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“…Carbon dots (CDs) are novel photoluminescent nanoparticles, increasingly emerging as active materials in many application areas, such as optoelectronics, solar cells, catalysis, sensors and bioimaging [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Unlike the inorganic semiconductor quantum dots, the structure of the CDs is entirely carbon-based, hence they are heavy-metal free, and combine good photostability and high quantum yields [2,3] with improved biocompatibility and low associated environmental risks [4,5,7]. Moreover, a key advantage of the CDs is the option of preparing them from green and low-cost sources [8,9], via rather simple bottom-up procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil-Dispersible Green-Emitting Carbon Dots: New Insights on a Facile and Efficient Synthesis

et al. 2020

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Carbon dots (CDs) have been progressively attracting interest as novel environmentally friendly and cost-effective luminescent nanoparticles, for implementation in light-emitting devices, solar cells, photocatalytic devices and biosensors. Here, starting from a cost-effective bottom-up synthetic approach, based on a suitable amphiphilic molecule as carbon precursor, namely cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), green-emitting CDs have been prepared at room temperature, upon treatment of CPC with concentrated NaOH solutions. The investigated method allows the obtaining, in one-pot, of both water-dispersible (W-CDs) and oil-dispersible green-emitting CDs (O-CDs). The study provides original insights into the chemical reactions involved in the process of the carbonization of CPC, proposing a reliable mechanism for the formation of the O-CDs in an aqueous system. The ability to discriminate the contribution of different species, including molecular fluorophores, allows one to properly single out the O-CDs emission. In addition, a mild heating of the reaction mixture, at 70 °C, has demonstrated the ability to dramatically decrease the very long reaction time (i.e. from tens of hours to days) at room temperature, allowing us to synthesize O-CDs in a few tens of minutes while preserving their morphological and optical properties.

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Graphene quantum dots redefine nanobiomedicine

Cited by 170 publications

References 146 publications

Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia

Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia

Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery

Oil-Dispersible Green-Emitting Carbon Dots: New Insights on a Facile and Efficient Synthesis

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