“…[2,3] Mechanical metamaterials create novel materials by optimizing the periodic geometric structure of cells, which can be freely selected and adjusted to meet specific requirements. As a result, mechanical metamaterials exhibit a variety of extraordinary mechanical characteristics, such as zero or negative Poisson's ratios, [4][5][6] vanishing shear modulus, [7,8] negative stiffness, [9,10] negative compressibility, [11,12] tunable Young's modulus, [13,14] singularly nonlinear behavior, [15,16] and customized topological microstructures, [17][18][19] all of which distinguish them from conventional counterparts. The ability to obtain programmable behavior through the interplay between material and structure leads mechanical metamaterials to the venue beyond the mechanical field, where studies have been reported on their active, adaptive, and actuating characteristics.…”