Graphene saturable absorbers applications in fiber lasers

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials are widely used in a variety of fields, such as medical treatment, industrial preparation, machining, etc. In this review, we have made a detailed description of the development of fiber lasers as well as the evolution of two-dimensional materials, especially graphene. In addition, we describe the optical properties of graphene and its preparations, for instance, chemical exfoliatio, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical technique, chemical vapor deposition, supercritical fluid exfoliation, and thermal exfoliation. Meanwhile, we also summarized several types of graphene saturable absorbers like all fiber, D-shaped, and optical deposition. Furthermore, we summarize the optical applications of fiber lasers based on graphene. Finally, we also take a look at the future perspectives of graphene and discuss the future applications of graphene in the field of optics. It is note worth that future fiber lasers will use more heterostructures or gas-solid mixtures to prepare saturable absorbers.

Recent advances in single crystal narrow band-gap semiconductor nanomembranes and their flexible optoelectronic device applications: Ge, GeSn, InGaAs, and 2D materials

“…Light emitting applications (LED, laser) and other applications. So far, graphene-based ultrashort-pulse lasers have been exploited tremendously owing to their nonlinear absorption property by different types of lasers, including fiberbased, 35,193 solid-state, 194,195 and waveguide lasers. 196 B. Fu et al showed ultrafast broadband graphene fiber lasers covering 1, 1.5, and 2 mm wavelengths.…”

“…Graphene, the firstly discovered 2D material, has been extensively studied and applied to versatile optical and electronic devices because of its exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity with flexibility. [34][35][36] Black phosphorous (BP) is an emerging 2D material that has distinctive material properties, which include not only high conductivity and carrier mobility but also tunable direct band-gap, unlike graphene. This tunable band-gap of BP enables a wide range of devices applications.…”

Perspectives on nonlinear optics of graphene: Opportunities and challenges

“…A. Absorptive nonlinear optics of graphene: Opportunities and challenges Graphene performs very well as a fast saturable absorber and has already been embedded in various fibe laser setups to obtain pulsed operation, either in the modelocked or Q-switched regime (Guo et al, 2019;Peng and Yan, 2021). As pointed out in Sec.…”

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

“…[ 107 ] Both CNTs and graphene are equipped with outstanding properties including low cost, easy fabrication, and fast response time, making them ideal candidates to generate ultrafast pulses. [ 108 ]…”