Graphene: Structure, Synthesis, and Characterization; a brief review

Kamel, Samir; El-Sakhawy, Mohamed; Anis, Badawi; Tohamy, Hebat-Allah S.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2019.15173.1919

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Sensor Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the shortcomings of graphene synthesis procedures are multiple synthesis stages, a lengthy synthesis time, limited stability, stacking, and poor ease of processing for mass manufacturing. [149][150][151][152] Nonaka et al investigated the problem of graphene restacking by synthesizing a CG structure using manganese ferrite NPs in a single step. They aimed to develop a new form of CG fully decorated with manganese ferrite NPs for H 2 O 2 sensing.…”

Section: Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Effects of Crumpled Graphene and Recent Developments in Comprehensive Sensor Applications: A Review

Sinha

2023

Small Structures

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Graphene is a 2D honeycomb lattice consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms. Graphene has become one of the most preferred materials for sensor development due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. Nonetheless, little consideration is given to the production and use of crumpled graphene. Specifically, the crumpled graphene structure is a good choice for enhancing sensors’ sensitivity and structural deformability by reducing interfacial stress, avoiding electrical failure, and enhancing surface areas. This review article provides an overview of various synthesis processes using crumpled graphene and specifies a brief idea to control crumpled formation in graphene structure for sensing applications in recent years. Furthermore, it summarizes the problems encountered in previously published research articles during the fabrication and performance of sensors with a brief discussion of fundamental mechanics and topological aspects concerning crumpling patterns with sensing performance. It also highlights the current status of crumpling techniques and their effects on developing different sensors using existing crumpling methods, controlled crumpling designs, and sensing methodologies for future applications.

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Section: Sensor Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Effects of Crumpled Graphene and Recent Developments in Comprehensive Sensor Applications: A Review

Sinha

2023

Small Structures

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“…So, GO was used as a starting material or precursor for various applications. [15] The biocompatibility of GO allows its application in an emerging field such as anticancer therapy, biofunctionalization of protein, gene, and small molecular drug delivery. [16] Nanocomposites combine the advantages of two or more nanomaterials, [13,17,18] so, many studies were reported on the preparation, advantage, and applications of GO-based nanocomposites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/graphene oxide composite as drug carrier system for 5‐fluorouracil

Hasanin

El-Sakhawy

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Biotechnology Journal

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Aim: This study aims to prepare a nanocomposite (HPMC/5-FL@GO) from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and graphene oxide (GO) as biocompatible materials.The nanocomposite enhances the drug activity of immobilized 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), decreasing the side effect of long-run treatment protocols with highly efficient drugdrug activity.Method and results: Different samples were characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic light scattering along with cytotoxicity and anticancer study. A homogenous and compatible nanocomposite structure with a homogenous drug distribution was confirmed.Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposite has a low cytotoxicity effect against normal Vero cell lines compared with 5-FU. The antitumor activities of the same nanocomposite (20.4 and 74.3 μg mL −1 on A549 and HepG-2) were lower than that of 5-FU (54.1 and 103 μg mL −1 on A549 and HepG-2). Conclusion and implications:According to the attained results, the HPMC/5-FL@GO can apply in a biomedical application such as cancer therapy with the unique biocompatible to human cells.

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“…Two-dimensional (2D) materials have covered a wide range of specifications and applications , due to their various features in many fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, conductivity, and energy storage. − Because of success in graphene and graphene-based investigations, ,− 2D materials, particularly honeycomb structures, have generally gained more and more attention for designing next-generation devices. In 2D materials, the physical and chemical properties strongly and consistently depend on geometric properties, leading to the necessity and significance of solving structural problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Properties of Hydrogen-Functionalized GaSe Monolayer

2022

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Functionalization reveals potential opportunities for modifying essential properties and designing materials due to the strong interaction between functionalized atoms and the surface. Among them, hydrogenation possesses such a way to control electronic and optical characteristics. In this paper, the stability and transformed electronic, optical properties of H-functionalized GaSe in two cases (single and double sites) were reported that exhibit the effects of hydrogen functionalization via first-principles calculations. Formation energies suggest that H-functionalized GaSe systems are stable for construction. H-GaSe and 2H-GaSe display distinct properties based on the functionalized way (single- or double-site functionalization). Accordingly, H-GaSe is metallic, while 2H-GaSe belongs to a semiconductor. The magnetic configuration with ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic could be found in H- and 2H-functionalized cases through spin distribution, respectively. Especially, the chemical hybridized bonds of Se–H, Ga–Se, and Ga–Ga corresponding to s-sp 3 and sp 3 -sp 3 bondings, respectively, are clearly verified in the orbital-projected density of states and charge density. The optical properties of 2H-GaSe could provide the main characteristics of a semiconductor, which is the limited range of transparency by electronic absorption at short and long wavelengths. Moreover, increasing the number of GaSe segments ( L ) could change the band gap leading to application in the band gap engineering of the 2H-GaSe systems. Thus, hydrogen functionalization could provide the possible manner for adjusting and controlling features of GaSe, promising for the development of electronic devices and applications.

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Graphene: Structure, Synthesis, and Characterization; a brief review

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Structural Effects of Crumpled Graphene and Recent Developments in Comprehensive Sensor Applications: A Review

Structural Effects of Crumpled Graphene and Recent Developments in Comprehensive Sensor Applications: A Review

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/graphene oxide composite as drug carrier system for 5‐fluorouracil

Fundamental Properties of Hydrogen-Functionalized GaSe Monolayer

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