Graphene-supported Na3V2(PO4)3 as a high rate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Jung, Young Hwa; Lim, Chek Hai; Kim, Do Kyung

doi:10.1039/c3ta12116j

Cited by 256 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The D (disorder-induced phonon mode) and G (graphite band) bands are observed at around 1340 and 1580 cm −1 , respectively. [48] The intensity ratios of D band to G band (I D /I G ) for NVP-P/C, NVP-P/rGO, and NVP@rGO are around 1.41, 1.32, and 1.20, respectively. The existence of organics (acac) in the synthesis process of NVP will result in the formation of amorphous carbon in the final products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43] Such layer-bylayer structure delivered superior rate performance with high packing density. Considering the advantages of graphene for improving the electrochemical performance and the intrinsic NASICON structure of NVP, [44][45][46][47][48] the construction of layer-bylayer systems composed of graphene and NVP sheets will be an acceptable attempt, which exhibit improved electrochemical performance. Relative research has rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Wei

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

303

160

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However, the limited lithium resource in earth is detrimental to the further application due to the possible increasing cost and unstable energy supply. [12][13][14][15] Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing alternative energy storage devices with low cost while maintaining a comparable performance to LIBs. Among them, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become the worldwide focus owing to abundant resources and low cost. [16][17][18][19] To develop high-performance SIBs, it remains challenging to discover/develop suitable electrode materials (especially cathode) to satisfy the requirement of long-term cycling stability and rate-capability.Owing to larger radius of Na + than that of Li + (0.98 vs 0.69 Å), various cathode materials with large open frameworks, including layered transitionmetal oxides [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and polyanionic compounds, [2,13,18,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] have been developed for (1) the improved sodium storage capacity, (2) the facilitated Na + diffusion in the lattice, and (3) the restricted structure degradation caused by Na + insertion/extraction. The NASICON (sodium (Na) super ion conductor) Na x M 2 (NO 4 ) 3 (M = transition metal, N = P 5+ , Si 4+ , S 6+ , and Mo 6+ ) structure with 3D large open framework allows for rapid and reversible ion diffusion in the lattice, which is now developed as electrode with promising electrochemical performance. [34] Among these, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) becomes a "shining star" with high sodium diffusion ability and remarkable high energy density (i.e., 400 Wh kg −1 ). [18] However, the high ionic diffusion ability of NVP is accompanied with poor electronic conductivity, [35] which results in the low utilization of active materials even at low rates. In order to obtain remarkable performance of NVP, the hurdles of poor rate capability and cycling stability need to be further addressed. Recently, carbon-coated active nanocrystals embedded in a porous carbon matrix, which demonstrated excellent rate performance and cycling stability for Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathodes, [36,37] as well as for NVP cathodes. [38][39][40] In general, the porous carbon content is usually high, which may lead to the decrease of tap density and entire cell volumetric energy density. [41,42] Li and co-workers reported adaptive graphene gel films as a highly compact electrode with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) is regarded as a promising cathode for advanced sodiumion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and stable sodium (Na) super ion conductor (NASICON) structure. However, strongly impeded by its low electronic conductivity, the general NVP delivers undesirable rate capacity and fails to meet the demands for quick charge. Herein, a novel and facile synthesis of layer-by-layer NVP@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite is presented through modifying the surface charge of NVP gel precursor. The well-designed layered NVP@rGO with confined NVP nanocrystal in between rGO layers offers high electronic and ionic conductivity as well as sta...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Wei

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

303

160

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“…As shown in the SEM micrographs in Figures 4c-4d, the primary particles are merged together in large agglomerates surrounded by carbon. The carbon matrix enhances the electronic conductivity of the composite 53 while the porous structure is beneficial for the Na + diffusion thanks to an higher contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte. 54,55 A constant current -constant voltage (CC-CV) test was performed during charge of the cell at 1C up to 3.8 V vs Na/Na + .…”

Section: Vs Na/namentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Low Voltage Behavior of V₂O₅Aerogel as Intercalation Host for Sodium Ion Battery

Moretti

Secchiaroli

Buchholz

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Boosted by costs benefits, the development of room temperature Na-ion batteries is strongly desired for stationary applications. In this study we explore the possible use of V 2 O 5 aerogel as anode material for sodium ion batteries. The aerogel is able to reversibly insert more than 3 Eq. of sodium in the voltage range 0.1 V-4 V vs. Na/Na + demonstrating to possess additional capacity when cycled to lower voltage. The anode delivers about 200 mAh g −1 in the voltage range 0.01 V-1.5 V vs. Na/Na + . The preliminary characterization of a full Na-ion cell made coupling the V 2 O 5 aerogel anode with carbon-coated Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 In the past years lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have strongly evolved, conquering the market of portable electronic devices and penetrating that of electro-mobility. However, issues related to lithium availability and costs of other materials used in LIBs are rising up. Therefore, special efforts are presently dedicated to the development of alternative battery chemistries based on different shuttling cations like Mg 2+ , 1,2 Al 3+3,4 and Na + . 5,6 In this context, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a suitable alternative to the more expensive LIB technology in stationary energy storage applications because their production does not require any technological development aside from the development of appropriate electrodes' materials. In comparison with Li + , the Na + cation is heavier (23 g mol −1 vs 6.94 g mol −1 ) and larger (0.98 Å vs 0.69 Å) leading to lower gravimetric energy and, possibly, slower kinetics. On the other hand, sodium is widely available, therefore, its cost is noticeably low, and worldwide distributed. Moreover, the absence of known Na-Al electrochemically formed alloys permits the use of aluminum current collectors at the anode side, further reducing the cost of the final battery.Presently, the research stream in SIBs' development concerns with the identification of suitable electrode materials taking advantage of the mature background available in lithium ion systems. Several cathode materials are currently investigated, especially those based on layered oxides and polyanionic compounds.6-10 The latter exhibit the advantage of being thermally more stable, 11 thus, enabling safer energy storage.Vanadium-based compounds are of particular interest due to the different oxidation states accessible realizing multi-electrons redox reactions. Indeed, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is able to reversibly release two equivalents of Na + ions (corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 118 mAh g −1 ), making use of the V 3+ /V 4+ redox couple at around 3.3 V. Additionally, the same material is also investigated as negative electrode as, at 1.5 V, one additional equivalent of Na + is reversibly hosted into the structure while V 3+ is partly reduced to V 2+ . 12 The main drawback of this material is represented by the rather low electronic conductivity, which, however, can be by-passed with the use of nano-sized particles, as well as their carbon-coating. 13Among the layered oxid...

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“…[17][18][19][20][21] However, the migration of Na ions through interfaces between cathode materials and electrolyte could be hindered by the thick and uniform carbon layers. 22,23 This double-sideness of carbon coating made us consider another structure for NVP-carbon composites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles partly embedded in carbon nanofibers with superb kinetics for ultra-high power sodium ion batteries

Yang

Han

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Graphene-supported Na3V2(PO4)3 as a high rate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 256 publications

References 34 publications

Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Exploring the Low Voltage Behavior of V₂O₅Aerogel as Intercalation Host for Sodium Ion Battery

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles partly embedded in carbon nanofibers with superb kinetics for ultra-high power sodium ion batteries

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Graphene-supported Na3V2(PO4)3 as a high rate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 256 publications

References 34 publications

Layer‐by‐Layer Na3V2(PO4)3 Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Layer‐by‐Layer Na3V2(PO4)3 Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Exploring the Low Voltage Behavior of V2O5Aerogel as Intercalation Host for Sodium Ion Battery

Na3V2(PO4)3 particles partly embedded in carbon nanofibers with superb kinetics for ultra-high power sodium ion batteries

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Product

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Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Layer‐by‐Layer Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Rate and Ultralong‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode

Exploring the Low Voltage Behavior of V₂O₅Aerogel as Intercalation Host for Sodium Ion Battery

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles partly embedded in carbon nanofibers with superb kinetics for ultra-high power sodium ion batteries