Graphic approaches to describing action research methodology

Abstract

This paper advocates the use of graphic images as a device that can help in the organisation of thinking about the procedural aspects of action research. Further, it explores the parallels between design process, action research methodology and the social / societal context in which both occur. The paper has the following structure Fig 1:

How human factors affect operators' task evolution in Logistics 4.0

“…The process for identifying and validating the relationships that answered the RQ was complex; therefore, to better explain each step, as suggested by many scholars (e.g., Bowen, 1998), the research method is represented graphically in Figure 1. The first steps (discussed in Sections 3.1–3.3) concerned the literature review, performed to clarify the main aspects of the problem and to provide the background for developing the subsequent steps.…”

Training Older Volunteers in Gerontological Research in the United Kingdom: Moving Towards an Andragogical and Emancipatory Agenda

“…However, the challenges of involving lay people in research should not be underestimated, and there is a need for rigorous methods to ensure meaningful involvement. Lay people have been engaged as researchers in education (Bowen, 1998); public health and health promotion (West, 1995;Willms et al, 1996); community development (Kenyon, 1997); and projects relating to mental health (Davidson, Stayner, Lambert, Smith, & Sledge, 1997;Faulkner & Loyzel, 2000); and physical impairment (Bourne & Spooner, 1998;Gramlich, Snelham, & McBride, 2000;Palmer, Peacock, Turner, Vasey, & Williams, 1999). Engaging lay people in research is not a new phenomenon, but few studies have involved the full participation of older people.…”