Graphic Representations of Processing Structure: The Time‐Event Matrix

Streufert, Siegfried; Satish, Usha

doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01644.x

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 173 publications

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“…Participants and the person administering the tests of decision-making performance were not informed about specific CO 2 conditions in each session. During each exposure condition, participants completed a computer-based test of decision-making performance in which they were presented with scenarios and asked to make decisions based on a standardized protocol (Krishnamurthy et al 2009; Satish et al 2009; Streufert and Satish 1997). Before and after each test of decision-making performance, participants also completed computer-based questionnaires on perceived indoor air quality and health symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is CO ₂ an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO ₂ Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance

Satish

Mendell

Shekhar

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

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776

532

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Background: Associations of higher indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations with impaired work performance, increased health symptoms, and poorer perceived air quality have been attributed to correlation of indoor CO2 with concentrations of other indoor air pollutants that are also influenced by rates of outdoor-air ventilation.Objectives: We assessed direct effects of increased CO2, within the range of indoor concentrations, on decision making.Methods: Twenty-two participants were exposed to CO2 at 600, 1,000, and 2,500 ppm in an office-like chamber, in six groups. Each group was exposed to these conditions in three 2.5-hr sessions, all on 1 day, with exposure order balanced across groups. At 600 ppm, CO2 came from outdoor air and participants’ respiration. Higher concentrations were achieved by injecting ultrapure CO2. Ventilation rate and temperature were constant. Under each condition, participants completed a computer-based test of decision-making performance as well as questionnaires on health symptoms and perceived air quality. Participants and the person administering the decision-making test were blinded to CO2 level. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance models.Results: Relative to 600 ppm, at 1,000 ppm CO2, moderate and statistically significant decrements occurred in six of nine scales of decision-making performance. At 2,500 ppm, large and statistically significant reductions occurred in seven scales of decision-making performance (raw score ratios, 0.06–0.56), but performance on the focused activity scale increased.Conclusions: Direct adverse effects of CO2 on human performance may be economically important and may limit energy-saving reductions in outdoor air ventilation per person in buildings. Confirmation of these findings is needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%