Graphite Chemistry

Bartlett, Neil; McQuillan, B.W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-747380-2.50007-9

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the same time, chemists were interested in intercalation of Li into graphite [14], and in 1983, Yazami and Touzain [15] reported a reversible Li intercalation into a graphite anode. At low charging rates, this anode is not plagued by Li plating on the anode surface with subsequent dendrite growth on repeated cycling.…”

Section: Layered Oxide Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable batteries: challenges old and new

Goodenough

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

355

231

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The challenges for rechargeable batteries are cost, safety, energy, density, life, and rate. Traditional rechargeable batteries based on aqueous electrolytes have good rate capabilities but limited energy density because the voltage for a long shelf-life is restricted to 1.5 V. The discovery of fast Na ion conductivity in β-alumina in 1967 introduced the novel concept of a solid oxide electrolyte and molten electrodes: the sodium-sulfur battery operates at 350°C. Interest in rechargeable batteries with aprotic electrolytes was further stimulated by the first energy crisis in the early 1970s. Since protons are not mobile in aprotic electrolytes, the Li + ion was the logical choice for the working ion, and on-going work on reversible Li intercalation into layered sulfides suggested the TiS 2 //Li cell, which was shown in 1976 to have a voltage of V≃2.2 V and good rate capability. However, the organic liquid carbonates used as electrolytes are flammable, and dendrites growing across the electrolyte from the lithium anode on repeated charge/discharge cycles short-circuited the cells with disastrous consequences. Safety concerns caused this effort to be dropped. However, substitution of the layered oxides LiMO 2 for the layered sulfides MS 2 and reversible intercalation of Li into graphitic carbon without dendrite formation at slow charging rates gave a safe rechargeable lithium ion battery (LIB) of large-enough energy density to enable the wireless revolution. Although carbon-buffered alloys now provide anodes that allow a fast charge and have a higher capacity, nevertheless a passivation layer permeable to Li + forms on the anode surface, and the Li + in the passivation layer is taken irreversibly from the cathode on the initial charge. Since the specific capacity of a cell with an insertion-compound cathode is limited by the latter, strategies to increase the specific capacity for a LIB powering an electric vehicle or storing electricity from wind or solar farms include a return to consideration of a solid electrolyte.

show abstract

Section: Layered Oxide Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable batteries: challenges old and new

Goodenough

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

355

231

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another important intumescent FR is vermicular graphite which expands at temperatures of 150 to 200 °C depending on the chemical treatment 6. Intumescent strips made of V‐graphite and a plastic binder are used as hot gas sealants for fire doors, windows, plastic pipes and other joints 24.…”

Section: Intumescent Systems For Fire Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vermicular graphite has become a popular intumescent material6–8 which is already widely used as a flame retardant in soft polyurethane foams, as a heat seal in fire doors and, at an experimental stage, in thermoplastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of intumescent systems for fire protection of plastic materials

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This work resulted in intention of commercialization of the Li/TiS 2 battery system announced by Exxon Company. A reversible Li intercalation into a graphite anode, reported by Yazami and Touzain in 1983 19 after some time of intensive work of chemists, 20 was a real breakthrough for LiB commercialization. Thus, a development of other types of negative electrode materials was inevitable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%