Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of iridium, rhodium and ruthenium in high-purity platinum after matrix extraction

Aneva, Zara; Arpadjan, Sonja; Kalaidjieva, I.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83338-3

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, highly selective, sensitive, rapid and economical methods are needed for its trace and ultra trace determination. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) [11], atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) [12], graphite furnace AAS [13], individual catalytic [14], imprinted polymer-based [15], sequential voltammetric [16] and flow injection analysis [17] may be used for the trace determination of iridium in complex materials, however, these instruments are highly expensive, day to day maintenance is high and not free from various types of interferences [18][19][20]. A survey of the literature reveals that iridium may be determined by zero order spectrophotometry using phenanthrenequinone monoxime [21] (e = 2.3 Â 10 4 L mol À1 cm À1 ) perazine dimalonate [22] (e = 9.93 Â l0 3 L mol À1 cm À1 ), tetrahydrofurfuryl xanthate [23] (e = 5.02 Â l0 3 L mol À1 cm À1 ), 1-phenyl-4,4-6-trimethyl-(1H,4H)-pyrimidine-2-thiol [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of iridium after complexation and membrane filtration

Amin

Zaafarany

2015

Analytical Chemistry Research

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a b s t r a c tA simple, ultra sensitive and selective method for the spectrophotometric determination of Ir 3+ in various synthetic and environmental samples was reported. The analyte ions were collected on a membrane filter in the form of their red complex with 5-(2-benzothiazolyl-azo)8-hydroxy-quinoline (BTAHQ), and the absorption spectra of the colored membrane filters were acquired. Effects of pH value, sample volume, and amount of BTAHQ were examined in order to optimize sensitivity. The interference by common other ions was eliminated using appropriate masking agents. The absorbance is linearly related to the concentration of Ir 3+ in the ranges from 0.1 to 0.8 lg/L, and from 1.0 to 7.0 lg/L, respectively, the correlation coefficients (R 2 ) being 0.9996 and 0.9994. The molar absorptivities were calculated to be 4.81 Â 10 5 and 4.26 Â 10 7 L mol À1 cm À1 at 563 nm, whereas Sandell sensitivity was found as 0.391 and 0.004 ng cm À2 , respectively. The novelty and advantages of the proposed method is the highly sensitivity of the proposed method compared with all previously cited methods for iridium determination. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit is 0.03 lg/L. The recoveries in case of spiked samples are between 98.7% and 101.5%, and the relative standard deviations range from 1.21% to 1.75%. Ó 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of iridium after complexation and membrane filtration

Amin

Zaafarany

2015

Analytical Chemistry Research

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“…Therefore, monitoring and controlling the levels of ruthenium in drug substances are critical. A number of methods have been reported for the determination of ruthenium(III) (Ru III), using spectrophotometry [1], voltammetry [2,3], atomic absorption spectrometry [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and flow injection catalytic method [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ruthenium in pharmaceutical compounds by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Jia

Wang

et al. 2006

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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Noble Metals, Analytical Chemistry of

Balcerzak

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical methods for the determination of noble (precious) metals: ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) are presented in this article. Discovery, natural occurrence and main applications of the metals are described. Physical and chemical properties of noble metals are summarized. The nobility and catalytic activity of precious metals are the main properties that allow their use in a wide variety of applications, e.g. as catalysts in various chemical processes, as autocatalysts, in the electrical and electronic industry and in jewellery. Recent applications of some platinumcompounds (cisplatin and its derivatives) as anticancer drugs are important. The large variety of complex matrices, wide analytical concentration range (from sub‐ppb to >99.99%), low reactivity towards single chemical reagents, great chemical similarities (especially between the pairs Ru and Os, Rh and Ir, Pt and Pd), complexity of platinum group metals (PGMs) species in solutions and rates of reaction make the accurate determination of noble metals a difficult analytical problem. The use of direct instrumental methods is restricted owing to interferences caused by matrix elements and low analyte concentrations. Sampling, sample decomposition, separation and preconcentration are critical steps in the majority of analytical procedures used. The choice of the digestion procedure used depends on the nature of the sample matrix and the analyte concentration. Fire assay (lead, iron, copper, nickel, tin or nickel sulfide as collectors), oxidizing fusion, acids treatment and chlorination are used to digest various materials. Precipitation, solvent extraction and chromatographic methods (ion‐exchange and chelating resins, capillary electrophoresis) are applied to separate noble metals from associated base metals and to separate the individual precious metals. Preliminary isolation of ruthenium and osmium from the other noble and base metals, as well as from each other, by distillation or extraction in the form of RuO 4 and OsO 4 , is often applied. Spectrophotometric methods using the complexes with inorganic and organic reagents can be applied to the determination of precious metals at ppm levels. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (flame and graphite furnace) is well suited to the determination of Au, Pd, Rh and Pt (ppm and ppb levels, respectively). Ultratraces (ppb and sub‐ppb levels) of noble metals can be determined in a large number of complex matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) with or without separation and preconcentration steps. A wide range of PGM concentrations, from percentage to ppm levels, can be determined by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) directly in solid samples or after pretreatment procedures (fire assay, coprecipitation, chromatographic preconcentration). Nuclear techniques (mainly neutron activation) are favored for the determination of low (ppb and sub‐ppb) levels of precious metals (high sensitivities for Au, Ir, Pd and Os) in geological samples. Voltammetric measurements in combination with sample preparation, including the transformation of noble metals into electrochemically active compounds, provide high sensitivity (ppm and ppb levels) for the determination. The use of standard reference materials is essential to check the accuracy of the results obtained by various analytical techniques.

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Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of iridium, rhodium and ruthenium in high-purity platinum after matrix extraction

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Spectrophotometric determination of iridium after complexation and membrane filtration

Spectrophotometric determination of iridium after complexation and membrane filtration

Determination of ruthenium in pharmaceutical compounds by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Noble Metals, Analytical Chemistry of

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