Graphitic carbon nitride based immobilized and non-immobilized floating photocatalysts for environmental remediation

Rana, Anchal; Sudhaik, Anita; Raizada, Pankaj; Nguyen, Van‐Huy; Xia, Changlei; Khan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz; Thakur, Sourbh; Nguyen-Tri, Phuong; Nguyen, Chinh Chien; Kim, Soo Young; Le, Quyet Van; Singh, Pardeep

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134229

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In addition to harnessing light energy effectively and demonstrating self-control capabilities, hydrogel composite photocatalysts have the unique ability to float on the surface and in shallow water. This characteristic enhances their visible-driven photocatalytic performance, making them particularly practical for environmental applications, such as algae pollution control [29,30].…”

Section: Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pushing the Operational Barriers for g-C3N4: A Comprehensive Review of Cutting-Edge Immobilization Strategies

Fdez-Sanromán,

Pazos,

Rosales

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in immobilization strategies for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free photocatalyst that has gained significant attention for its optical and physicochemical properties comparable to traditional photocatalysts like TiO2. However, a critical challenge regarding their application has emerged from the difficulty of its recovery due to its powdery nature. Therefore, several alternatives are being explored to immobilize this material, facilitating its recovery and reuse. This review systematically categorizes various physical and chemical immobilization techniques, providing an in-depth analysis of their advantages, drawbacks, and applications. Techniques such as encapsulation, electrospinning, casting, and coating, along with their adaptations for g-C3N4, are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the impact of these strategies on enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency and operational stability of g-C3N4, particularly in environmental applications, is also assessed. Thus, this review aims to provide valuable insights and guide future research in the realms of photocatalysis and environmental remediation. The review contributes to the understanding of how immobilization strategies can optimize the performance of g-C3N4, furthering its potential applications in sustainable and efficient environmental solutions.

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Section: Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pushing the Operational Barriers for g-C3N4: A Comprehensive Review of Cutting-Edge Immobilization Strategies

Fdez-Sanromán,

Pazos,

Rosales

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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“…[27] Among free supports suitable for application in a slurry system, floating materials have gained attention due to their enhanced light harvesting, gas exchange, and recovery resulting from catalyst localization at the surface of the solution. [23,28,29] Already explored for water treatment, floating composites make use of robust, lowdensity support materials such as expanded perlite, [30,31] fly ash cenospheres, [32] hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), [29] and polymer beads. [33] The integration of fuel-generating catalysts with floating platforms allows for versatile and decentralized deployment scenarios such as efficient use with turbid waste (TW) streams or enabling fuel production over open waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas

Linley

Reisner

2023

Advanced Science

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Solar reforming (SR) is a promising green‐energy technology that can use sunlight to mitigate biomass and plastic waste while producing hydrogen gas at ambient pressure and temperature. However, practical challenges, including photocatalyst lifetime, recyclability, and low production rates in turbid waste suspensions, limit SR's industrial potential. By immobilizing SR catalyst materials (carbon nitride/platinum; CNx|Pt and carbon nitride/nickel phosphide; CNx|Ni2P) on hollow glass microspheres (HGM), which act as floating supports enabling practical composite recycling, such limitations can be overcome. Substrates derived from plastic and biomass, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cellulose, are reformed by floating SR composites, which are reused for up to ten consecutive cycles under realistic, vertical simulated solar irradiation (AM1.5G), reaching activities of 1333 ± 240 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 on pre‐treated PET. Floating SR composites are also advantageous in realistic waste where turbidity prevents light absorption by non‐floating catalyst powders, achieving 338.1 ± 1.1 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 using floating CNx versus non‐detectable H2 production with non‐floating CNx and a pre‐treated PET bottle as substrate. Low Pt loadings (0.033 ± 0.0013% m/m) demonstrate consistent performance and recyclability, allowing efficient use of precious metals for SR hydrogen production from waste substrates at large areal scale (217 cm2), taking an important step toward practical SR implementation.

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“…So far, numerous methods have been developed to remove azo dyes from contaminated water, such as adsorption technique [ 15 ], membrane separation technique [ 16 ], biofilm process [ 17 ], coagulation-flocculation precipitation [ 18 ], activated sludge method [ 19 ] and oxidation reduction method [ 20 ]. Among these available chemical and physical methods, the photocatalysis using semiconductor materials as catalysts for solar energy conversion and environmental protection has received extensive attention in recent years [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The greatest advantages of the photocatalytic process consist of not only the general mild reaction conditions, but also the possibility to abate refractory, toxic and difficult or non-biodegradable organic molecules [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvothermal Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Optical Properties of Pr-Doped CeO2 and Their Degradation for Acid Orange 7

et al. 2022

Materials

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Pr-doped CeO2 with different doping levels was prepared from Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O and Pr(NO3)3∙6H2O by solvothermal method without any additional reagents, in which the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and distilled water was employed as a solvent. The influences of Pr-doping on phase composition, crystal structure and morphology were investigated, as well as Pr valence and oxygen vacancy defects. The Pr cations entered into the CeO2 crystal lattice with normal trivalence and formed a Pr-CeO2 solid solution based on the fluorite structure. The larger trivalent Pr was substituted for tetravalent Ce in the CeO2 crystal and compensated by oxygen vacancy defects, which caused the local lattice expansion of the crystal lattice. Moreover, the Pr-doped CeO2 solid solutions exhibited visible color variation from bright cream via brick red to dark brown with the increasing of Pr contents. The degradation of AO7 dye was also investigated using a domestic medical ultraviolet lamp; the removal efficiency of AO7 by 1% and 2% Pr-doped CeO2 approached 100%, much higher than 66.2% for undoped CeO2.

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Graphitic carbon nitride based immobilized and non-immobilized floating photocatalysts for environmental remediation

Cited by 43 publications

References 105 publications

Pushing the Operational Barriers for g-C3N4: A Comprehensive Review of Cutting-Edge Immobilization Strategies

Pushing the Operational Barriers for g-C3N4: A Comprehensive Review of Cutting-Edge Immobilization Strategies

Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas

Solvothermal Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Optical Properties of Pr-Doped CeO2 and Their Degradation for Acid Orange 7

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