Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for microwave absorption

Green, Michael A.; Liu, Z.; Smedley, Russell; Nawaz, Haq; Li, X.; Huang, Fuqiang; Chen, X.

doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2018.06.005

Cited by 138 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These results are shown in Figures S2 and S3 (Supporting Information), where “Chi Zero” is the response as if magnetic susceptibility is negligible, and “Eps Set” is the response as if the dielectric response was a non‐factor. [ 57,58 ] As can be seen, stripping the magnetic interaction of the polyaniline material demonstrates little consequence over the resultant reflection loss profile. In comparison, stripping the dielectric interaction of the polyaniline completely negates the reflection loss response.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

Green

Tran

Chen

2020

Adv Materials Inter

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materials development methods do not guarantee results. Yet, the continued development of microwave absorbing materials is imperative. These materials are highly utilized in the defense [16-22] and telecommunications industries, [18,23-27] as means for reducing radar cross sections for stealth technology, [28,29] and providing electromagnetic interference shielding for the information processing and transport capabilities in electronic devices. The progression of research and development in the field of MAMs continues to accelerate, and researchers are in need of new methods for materials development and analysis. One of the most common components integrated into materials systems for microwave absorption is polyaniline. [30-36] This polymer, particularly the protonated Emeraldine Salt variation due to its high conductivity, is a popular material for MAM research and development due the strong dielectric response it demonstrates when irradiated with GHz-range electromagnetic energy. [15] For example, Liu et al. embedded a graphene-polyaniline matrix with nickel ferrite in an attempt to synergistically couple the magnetic properties of the ferrite with the dielectric nature of the matrix. This coupling resulted in a strong microwave interaction and reflection loss of −50.5 dB at 12.5 GHz, with an effective bandwidth of 5.3 GHz. [30] Wang et al. took a similar approach, imbedding a nickel-zinc ferrite into a polyaniline matrix, with a similar goal of coupling the strong dielectric action of the polyaniline material with a magnetic material. The maximal reflection loss realized by these efforts was −41 dB at 12.8 GHz and a 5 GHz effective bandwidth with a material thickness of 2.6 mm. [31] In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a data-driven process for optimizing the microwave absorbing properties of polyaniline. The final reflection loss is maximally reported as −88.54 dB with (f, d) coordinates of (7.0 GHz, 3.8 mm) 5.5 GHz with a 2.1 mm thickness. These results are record-setting for polyaniline-based materials, and the methods used to achieve these experimentally-validated results are thought to be scalable and applicable to the type of research methodologies prevalent in MAM development. As such, this type of data-driven optimization has the potential to revolutionize materials R&D for microwave absorption. The polyaniline materials were synthesized according to standard literature procedures [37] and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) are highly utilized in the defense and telecommunications industries, as means for reducing radar cross sections for stealth technology, and providing electromagnetic interference shielding for the information processing and transport capabilities in electronic devices. Polyaniline materials have attracted enormous attention in the field of MAM development due to their strong dielectric properties. In this manuscript, the strong dielectric action of polyaniline is utilized to demonstrate...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

Green

Tran

Chen

2020

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The governing equations given below, namely Bragg's Law (Equation ), and Scherrer equation (Equation ) are utilized to calculate interplanar distance ( d ) and crystallites size ( L ), respectively. [ 36 ]

\sin θ = \frac{n λ}{2 d}

L = \frac{K λ}{β \cos θ}

where θ stands for the peak position (radian), n is a positive integer, λ signifies the wavelength of the source X‐ray (nm), and d is the interplanar distance (nm). L represents the crystallites size (nm), K is Scherrer constant, and β is the full width of half maximum (FWHM).…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Environmental and Sensing Applications

Fidan

Torabfam

Saleem

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a metal‐free semiconductor that has been widely regarded as a promising candidate for sustainable energy production or storage. In recent years, g‐C3N4 has become the center of attention by virtue of its impressive properties, such as being inexpensive, easily fabricable, nontoxic, highly stable, and environment friendly. Herein, the recent research developments related to g‐C3N4 are outlined, which sheds light on its future prospective. Various synthetic methods and their impact on the properties of g‐C3N4 are detailed, along with discussion on frequently used characterization methods. Different approaches for g‐C3N4 surface functionalization, mainly categorized under covalent and noncovalent strategies, are outlined. Moreover, the processing methods of g‐C3N4, such as g‐C3N4‐based thin films, hierarchical, and hybrid structures, are explored. Next, compared with the extensively studied energy‐related applications of the modified g‐C3N4s, relatively less‐examined areas, such as environmental and sensing, are presented. By highlighting the strong potential of these materials and the existing research gaps, new researchers are encouraged to produce functional g‐C3N4‐based materials using diverse surface modification and processing routes.

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“…Despite this, common MW equipment cannot provide this input and MAP generally requires materials that are effective MWs absorbers. As reported by many authors, metals [18], metals-materials [19] and several carbon based materials are very effective MW absorbers [20,21]. Unfortunately, typical waste materials such as polymers and biomass are poor MW absorbers, as reported by Undri et al [22,23] with few exceptions, such as some composites like waste tires [24] and some waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) fractions [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Overview of Temperature Issues in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technique to convert waste polymers and biomass into raw chemicals and fuels. However, this process involves several issues related to the interactions between materials and microwaves. Consequently, the control of temperature during microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a hard task both for measurement and uniformity during the overall pyrolytic run. In this review, we introduce some of the main theoretical aspects of the microwaves–materials interactions alongside the issues related to microwave pyrolytic processability of materials.

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Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for microwave absorption

Cited by 138 publications

References 50 publications

Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Environmental and Sensing Applications

An Overview of Temperature Issues in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis

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