Graphitic carbon nitride with thermally-induced nitrogen defects: an efficient process to enhance photocatalytic H₂ production performance

Abstract

An efficient thermal-treatment method was developed for the preparation of defect modified g-C3N4 with excellent photocatalytic H2 production performance.

Floating Photocatalysts for Effluent Refinement Based on Stable Pickering Cellulose Foams and Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)

“…Through the XPS VB characterization, the valence band maxima of our g-C 3 N 4 was disclosed at +1.9 eV, see Figure S3 in Supporting Information, and the corresponding conduction band minimum (−1 eV) was calculated with the help of the band gap value. The VB and CB edge values were in agreement with the previously studied g-C 3 N 4 samples . The reason for obtaining such quantum confined g-C 3 N 4 was due to the attainment of ultrathin silk-like layered g-C 3 N 4 by the high temperature (600 °C) and prolonged polymerization (3 h) of the urea precursor.…”

“…The second peak (002) was a bit higher than the previously reported values, implying a reduced stacking distance between the g-C 3 N 4 sheets. Such shifts have previously been observed when the treatment temperature and/or time are increased. , The bands in the FTIR spectrum (3400–2900 due to amino groups, −NH x in g-C 3 N 4 , and −OH in residual water, and characteristic bands in 1650–1200 cm –1 are due to, among other, stretching vibrations of the repeating heptazine rings) were similar to previously reported FTIR spectra , and confirmed the successful formation of g-C 3 N 4 , see Figure b. The surface chemistry and specific bonding of g-C 3 N 4 is provided by the XPS results in Figure c.…”

“…Such shifts have previously been observed when the treatment temperature and/or time are increased. 30 , 31 The bands in the FTIR spectrum (3400–2900 due to amino groups, −NH x in g-C 3 N 4 , and −OH in residual water, and characteristic bands in 1650–1200 cm –1 are due to, among other, stretching vibrations of the repeating heptazine rings) were similar to previously reported FTIR spectra 27 , 29 and confirmed the successful formation of g-C 3 N 4 , see Figure 1 b. The surface chemistry and specific bonding of g-C 3 N 4 is provided by the XPS results in Figure 1 c. The observed C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s peaks and their corresponding deconvoluted fittings agree well with the previously reported data.…”

“…The VB and CB edge values were in agreement with the previously studied g-C 3 N 4 samples. 36 The reason for obtaining such quantum confined g-C 3 N 4 was due to the attainment of ultrathin silk-like layered g-C 3 N 4 by the high temperature (600 °C) and prolonged polymerization (3 h) of the urea precursor. Such synthetic conditions resulted in the generation of ultrathin nanosheets.…”

Synthesis of Vitamin B3 through a Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Approach Using Metal-Free Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts

“…Among all the methods adopted to overcome the drawbacks of GCN, thermal exfoliation has proven to be highly efficient in tuning its optical, morphological, and electronic properties [13][14][15]. The heating process breaks the hydrogen bonds responsible for the aggregation between the layers of GCN, leading to the splitting of graphite-like sheets [14,[16][17][18] and introducing defects on the surface of the catalyst [13,19,20], generally resulting in an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of the resulting materials.…”