Graphitic N-doped graphene via solution plasma with a single dielectric barrier

Niu, Jiangqi; Chokradjaroen, Chayanaphat; Saito, Nagahiro

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.08.032

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The emission peaks obtained by SROES from four solutions, as shown in Figure 3ad, exhibited Swan bands, representing the decomposition of the benzene ring structure into C2 radicals and Hα emission, indicating the abstracted hydrogen atoms [32,37]. The CN radical peaks also appeared, which could refer to the dissociation of the C6H5-NH bond of aniline [16].…”

Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The XRD patterns are shown in Figure 4a. Two main characteristic broad peaks, corresponding to the (002) and (111) carbon planes, could be observed at around 23.5 • and 43.5 • , respectively [37]. The inter-planar spacing d and crystallite size (edge planes) L c of the products were calculated by employing the Bragg equation (d = λ/2sinθ) and the Scherrer equation (L c = 0.91 × λ/β/cosθ), where λ is the wavelength of X-rays, and θ and β are the radius values of the half diffraction angle and the FWHM of the peak, respectively [69].…”

Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Table 2, the results showed that the samples synthesized from aniline and phenol had a decreasing crystallite size and number of layers. The additional peaks (36 • and 42 • ) were found from the tungsten-carbide (WC 1−x ), which could be possibly generated by the sputtering of the tungsten electrodes due to the γ effect, leading to the ion bombardment [37]. As shown in Table 2, for the calculation of I WC-36 • /I C002 , the content of W as impurities being turbid is mainly dependent on the electron temperature of the plasma phase.…”

Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cations, produced by the collisional ionization of the molecules, play the role of elemental components in the subsequent polymerization and carbonization processes to form carbon products. It was previously proposed that the interaction between plasma and solution determines the plasma's properties and the chemical reactions based on electron transfer [37]. In the field of nonequilibrium plasmas in solution, various reports have shown that plasma with different properties greatly influences the formation of carbon products, for example, low-discharge-current plasma could promote the substitution of C atoms with N atoms in the carbon framework without altering the π-bonded configuration [38,39,41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma–Solution Junction for the Formation of Carbon Material

et al. 2022

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The solution plasma process (SPP) can provide a low-temperature reaction field, leading to an effective synthesis of N-doped graphene with a high N content and well-structured planar structure. However, the interactions at the plasma–solution interface have not been well understood; therefore, it needs to be urgently explored to achieve the modulation of the SPP. Here, to address the knowledge gap, we experimentally determined the physical parameters of the spital distribution in the plasma phase, plasma–gas phase, and gas–liquid phase of the SPP by the Langmuir probe system with modification. Based on the assumption that plasma can act similarly to semiconductors with the Fermi level above the vacuum level, an energy band diagram of the plasma–solution junction could be proposed for the first time. It was observed that the Fermi level of the organic molecule could determine the magnitude of electron temperature in plasma, i.e., benzene produced the highest electron temperature, followed by phenol, toluene, and aniline. Finally, we found that the electron temperature at the interface could induce quenching, leading to the formation of multilayer large-size-domain carbon products. It provided significant evidence for achieving nonequilibrium plasma modulation of carbon nanomaterial synthesis.

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Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasma Phase Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma–Solution Junction for the Formation of Carbon Material

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, the defection of the graphene is directly proportional to the electrical conductivity, which would support the widening application of GO in electrical materials and devices. The reduction process would increase the amount of unsaturated carbon, resulting in conjugation among benzene structures and a high electrical conductivity [ 34 , 35 ]. GO can be produced from graphite via the infamous Hummers Offeman, Brodie, and Staudenmaeir methods.…”

Section: Structural Properties and Synthesis Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Ammonia Detection

2022

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The increasing demand to mitigate the alarming effects of the emission of ammonia (NH3) on human health and the environment has highlighted the growing attention to the design of reliable and effective sensing technologies using novel materials and unique nanocomposites with tunable functionalities. Among the state-of-the-art ammonia detection materials, graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites have gained significant attention. Despite the ever-increasing number of publications on graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection, various understandings and information regarding the process, mechanisms, and new material components have not been fully explored. Therefore, this review summarises the recent progress of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection. A comprehensive discussion is provided on the various gas sensor designs, including chemiresistive, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), and Field-Effect Transistor (FET), as well as gas sensors utilising the graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, in addition to highlighting the pros and cons of graphene to enhance the performance of gas sensors. Moreover, the various techniques used to fabricate graphene-based nanocomposites and the numerous polymer electrolytes (e.g., conductive polymeric electrolytes), the ion transport models, and the fabrication and detection mechanisms of ammonia are critically addressed. Finally, a brief outlook on the significant progress, future opportunities, and challenges of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for the application of ammonia detection are presented.

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Submerged Discharges in Liquids for Nanoobject Synthesis: Expectations and Capabilities

Belmonte

Noël

Gries

et al. 2023

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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Electrical discharges in liquids are used to synthesize and process nanoobjects with breakthrough achievements that lead to high expectations in the field. As plasmas are non-equilibrium media, the possibility to access novel compositions, shapes, structures, etc. is often put forward as major argument to promote these processes. Two main classes of processes are considered in this review: the so-called "solution plasma" and glow-discharge electrolysis. The influence of the main parameters controlling the selected processes is discussed. Applications are also presented together with expectations on breakthrough achievements awaited for these processes. Solution characteristics Electrical conductivityElectrical conductivity is generally the key factor that determines the applied voltage required for breakdown and discharge ignition. The lower the conductivity, the higher the voltage needed to achieve reproducible discharges, and the shorter the pulse width.

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Graphitic N-doped graphene via solution plasma with a single dielectric barrier

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Plasma–Solution Junction for the Formation of Carbon Material

Plasma–Solution Junction for the Formation of Carbon Material

Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Ammonia Detection

Submerged Discharges in Liquids for Nanoobject Synthesis: Expectations and Capabilities

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