Graphitization and amorphization of textured carbon using high-energy nanosecond laser pulses

Loisel, Loïc; Châtelet, Madeleine; Giudicelli, Guillaume; Lebihain, Mathias; Yang, Yi Yan; Cojocaru, Costel Sorin; Constantinescu, Andréï; Tay, Beng Kang; Lebental, Bérengère

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.026

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These values are consistent to those reported by others, whom have shown that a pulsed laser can be used to create LIG with varying degrees of graphitization of a polyimide substrate. , At longer laser pulse widths, the 2D band is not visible in the Raman spectra in combination with broadened D and G peaks with low intensity. Thus, further increase in pulse widths degrades the quality of the LIG samples, suggesting a laser-induced carbon amorphization as the sample is exposed to longer pulse widths. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, further increase in pulse widths degrades the quality of the LIG samples, suggesting a laser-induced carbon amorphization as the sample is exposed to longer pulse widths. 47,24 XPS was performed to confirm graphene formation and measure sp 2 carbon atom hybridization percentages for the distinct LIG substrates (see Figure S3 in the Supporting Information). All laser pulse time displayed similar sp 2 percentages, ranging from 76.2 to 78.3%.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Laser-Induced Graphene for Nitrogen Sensing in Soil

Garland¹,

McLamore

Cavallaro

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

153

107

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Flexible graphene electronics are rapidly gaining interest, but their widespread implementation has been impeded by challenges with ink preparation, ink printing, and post-print annealing processes. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) promises a facile alternative by creating flexible graphene electronics on polyimide substrates through a one-step laser writing fabrication method. Herein we demonstrate the use of LIG, created through a low-cost UV laser, for electrochemical ion selective sensing of plant-available nitrogen (i.e., both ammonium and nitrate ions: NH4+ and NO3-) in soil samples. The laser used to create the LIG was operated at distinct pulse rates (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ms) in order to maximize the LIG electrochemical reactivity. Results illustrated that a laser pulse rate of 20 ms led to a high percentage of sp2 carbon (77%) and optimal peak oxidation current of 120 uA during ferricyanide cyclic voltammetry. Therefore, LIG electrodes created with a 20 ms pulse rate were consequently functionalized with distinct ionophores specific to NH4+(nonactin) or NO3-(tridodecylmethylammonium nitrate) within polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based membranes to create distinct solid contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) for NH4+ and NO3-ion sensing respectively. The LIG SC-ISEs displayed near Nernstian sensitivities of 51.7 ± 7.8 mV/decade (NH4+) and -54.8 ± 2.5 mV/ decade (NO3-), detection limits of 28.2 ± 25.0 uM (NH4+) and 20.6 ± 14.8 uM (NO3-), low long-term drift of 0.93 mV/hr (NH4+) sensors and -5.3 μV/hr (NO3-) sensors and linear sensing ranges within 10-5-10-1 M for both sensors. Moreover, soil slurry sensing was performed and recovery percentages of 96% and 95% were obtained for added NH4+and NO3-, respectively. These results, combined with a facile fabrication that does not require metallic nanoparticle decoration, make these LIG electrochemical sensors appealing for a wide range of in field or point-of-service applications for soil health management. ABSTRACTFlexible graphene electronics are rapidly gaining interest, but their widespread implementation has been impeded by challenges with ink preparation, ink printing, and postprint annealing processes. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) promises a facile alternative by creating flexible graphene electronics on polyimide substrates through a one-step laser writing fabrication method. Herein we demonstrate the use of LIG, created through a low-cost UV laser, for electrochemical ion selective sensing of plant-available nitrogen (i.e., both ammonium and nitrate ions: NH 4 + and NO 3 -metallic nanoparticle decoration, make these LIG electrochemical sensors appealing for a wide range of in-field or point-of-service applications for soil health management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Laser-Induced Graphene for Nitrogen Sensing in Soil

Garland¹,

McLamore

Cavallaro

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

153

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, even after the removal of such impurities, the purpose of this recycled carbon is restricted to conventional carbon black uses such as colouring agents or a rubber-related reinforcement material [5,6] and it sees limited use in electrical or electronic purposes. In this study, pretreated, purified waste carbon black powder was subjected to laser annealing to alter the microstructure of carbon [7][8][9]. A pulsed femtosecond laser was used to selectively change the microstructure of waste carbon over other heat treatment methods, as it has been shown to induce a localised nanocrystallisation of carbonaceous bonds [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitisation of Waste Carbon Powder with Femtosecond Laser Annealing

et al. 2022

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Graphitisation of structural characteristics and improvement in electrical conductivity was reported onto waste carbon powder through femtosecond laser annealing. Raman spectroscopy on the carbon powder pre- and post-annealing showed a shift from amorphous-like carbon to graphitic-like carbon, which can be explained by the three-stage model. Electrical I-V probing of the samples revealed an increase in conductivity by up to 90%. An increase in incident laser power was found to be correlated to an increase in conductivity. An average incident laser power of 0.104 W or less showed little to no change in electrical characteristics, while an average incident laser power of greater than 1.626 W had a destructive effect on the carbon powder, shown through the reduction in powder. The most significant improvement in electrical conductivity has been observed at laser powers ranging from 0.526 to 1.286 W. To conclude, the graphitisation of waste carbon powder is possible using post-process femtosecond laser annealing to alter its electrical conductivity for future applications.

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“…A number of studies have been undertaken to study the phase transformation of diamond under the quasi-static loads (indentation test) and the mechanical failure during the machining process [1][2][3][4]. Actually, the wear mechanism was found to be dependent on both the material type and the loading conditions, such as the chemical reaction in machining Si and steel [5,6], graphitization under high pressure [3,7], as well as micro or macro fracture during the machining process [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%