Graphitization of unburned carbon from oil-fired fly ash applied for anode materials of high power lithium ion batteries

Yeh, T.Y.; Wu, Yu-Shiang; Lee, Yuan-Haun

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.06.045

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This indicated the wide particle-size distribution range of the catalytically graphitized metal-supported FLG samples, as well as the presence of meso and micropores. The specific surface area of the S10% Fe sample (109.3 m 2 g −1 ) was the highest among all analyzed samples ( Figure 5 a) and was higher than that of natural graphite (5.5 m 2 g −1 ) [ 50 ], anthracite-based material (4.7–6.8 m 2 g −1 ) [ 64 ], and nickel-doped artificial graphite (4.65 m 2 g −1 ) [ 65 ]. In addition, the lowest surface area was that of S2% Fe, which was 51.57 m 2 g −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A model (Bruker) XRD instrument with a Cu anode (λ = 0.154 nm) operated at a potential of 40 kV, and a current of 40 mA was used to determine the crystalline structure of samples in a scanning-angle range of 5−90°. Furthermore, the crystal size (La), stack height (Lc), and interlayer spacing (d 002 ) of the samples were calculated using the Debye–Scherer equations and the g-factor values [ 50 ]. The structural order of the samples was evaluated using a Horiba tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy–atomic force microscopy instrument with a wavelength of 532 nm, which was fitted with three bands (D ≈ 1350 cm −1 , G ≈ 1580 cm −1 , and 2D ≈ 2700 cm −1 ) to quantify the graphitization degree of the metal-supported FLG samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of Coal-Derived Metal-Supported Few-Layer Graphene Composite Materials Synthesized Using a Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Graphitization Process

et al. 2021

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Metal-supported few-layer graphene (FLG) was synthesized via microwave-assisted catalytic graphitization owing to the increasing demand for it and its wide applications. In this study, we quickly converted earth-abundant and low-cost bituminous coal to FLG over Fe catalysts at a temperature of 1300 °C. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption experiments were performed to analyze the fabricated metal-supported FLG. The results indicated that the microwave-irradiation temperature at a set holding-time played a critical role in the synthesis of metal-supported FLG. The highest degree of graphitization and a well-developed pore structure were fabricated at 1300 °C using a S10% Fe catalyst for 20 min. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the metal-supported FLG fabricated via microwave-assisted catalytic graphitization consisted of 3–6 layers of graphene nanosheets. In addition, the 2D band at 2700 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum of the fabricated metal-supported FLG samples were observed, which indicated the presence of few-layer graphene structure. Furthermore, a mechanism was proposed for the microwave-assisted catalytic graphitization of bituminous coal. Here, we developed a cost-effective and environmental friendly metal-supported FLG method using a coal-based carbonaceous material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Coal-Derived Metal-Supported Few-Layer Graphene Composite Materials Synthesized Using a Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Graphitization Process

et al. 2021

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“…X-ray diffraction (Bruker, Germany) analysis was performed to examine the crystalline structures of the samples in a scanning range from 10 • to 80 • . The interlayer spacings (d 002 ), crystal sizes (La), and crystal heights (Lc) of the samples were calculated using the Debye-Scherer equation, and the g factor values were measured using the Marie and Meiring equation [36]. Raman spectroscopy (Horiba XploRA PLUS) evaluated the crystal structural order in the wavenumber range of 500-3000 cm −1 using a He-Ne laser at an exciting wavelength of 532 nm.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Flg Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Coal-Derived Few-Layer Graphene as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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A few-layer graphene (FLG) composite material was synthesized using a rich reservoir and low-cost coal under the microwave-assisted catalytic graphitization process. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to evaluate the properties of the FLG sample. A well-developed microstructure and higher graphitization degree were achieved under microwave heating at 1300 °C using the S5% dual (Fe-Ni) catalyst for 20 min. In addition, the synthesized FLG sample encompassed the Raman spectrum 2D band at 2700 cm−1, which showed the existence of a few-layer graphene structure. The high-resolution TEM (transmission electron microscopy) image investigation of the S5% Fe-Ni sample confirmed that the fabricated FLG material consisted of two to seven graphitic layers, promoting the fast lithium-ion diffusion into the inner surface. The S5% Fe-Ni composite material delivered a high reversible capacity of 287.91 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C with a higher Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. In contrast, the single catalyst of S10% Fe contained a reversible capacity of 260.13 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C with 97.96% Coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, the dual catalyst-loaded FLG sample demonstrated a high capacity—up to 95% of the initial reversible capacity retention—after 100 cycles. This study revealed the potential feasibility of producing FLG materials from bituminous coal used in a broad range as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).

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“…Silicon electrodes made with PVDF binder can barely maintain capacities above 1500 mAh/g and only for a few cycles . A possible reason for this performance fading can be the weak adhesion properties and consequently delamination problems …”

Section: Efforts To Enhance the Si Electrode Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on efforts to enhance the Si electrode stability for lithium ion batteries

2019

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This report summarizes the challenges and developments related to the cycle stability of Si anodes. It describes the two-component material concepts using polymer blends and the approaches to material optimization for more stable Si anodes. Since the anode behavior also depends strongly on the Si particle size (and in polymer mixtures no uniform Si particle size is given), the properties of the Si anodes depending on the Si particle size and the underlying fundamental processes at the solid-electrolyte interface were described shortly. Bicomponent silicon-based composites (carbon additives, inorganic nanoparticles and polymers) on the anode behavior were compared by two properties: specific capacity and cycle number of the anodes. This article focuses on Si-polymer blends where the polymer can act as a binder or/and as a solid-state electrolyte. To help further the understanding the role of polymer we have gathered together useful data from the literature on solubilities, flexibility and hardness for the polymers generally used. We offer a perspective for polymer hydrogels that will enable a promising material composition for stable Si anodes. K E Y W O R D Sconductive polymers, hydrogels, lithium ion battery, silicon anode, solid-electrolyte interphase 2 | CHALLENGES FOR SI ELECTRODES Si based anodes are quite instable, capacity decay, cracks on anode, failure of electrical conductivity and inhibition are problems to be solved.

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Graphitization of unburned carbon from oil-fired fly ash applied for anode materials of high power lithium ion batteries

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Structure of Coal-Derived Metal-Supported Few-Layer Graphene Composite Materials Synthesized Using a Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Graphitization Process

Structure of Coal-Derived Metal-Supported Few-Layer Graphene Composite Materials Synthesized Using a Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Graphitization Process

Microwave-Assisted Coal-Derived Few-Layer Graphene as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

An overview on efforts to enhance the Si electrode stability for lithium ion batteries

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