Grasping tau.

Savelsbergh, Geert J.P.; Whiting, H. T. A.; Bootsma, Reinoud J.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.17.2.315

Cited by 246 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, when such a late occlusion could not be anticipated, specific adaptations of the timing of the grasp were lacking so that grasping time was equal to trials with no occlusion (see Table 1). Such adaptations to the grasping phase of catching contrast with previous work that has reported invariant timing across various task constraints (Savelsbergh et al 1991(Savelsbergh et al , 1993Laurent et al 1994;Bennett et al 1999;Mazyn et al 2006;Tijtgat et al 2010), as well as in the face of perturbations (Polman et al 1996;Button et al 2000;Mazyn et al 2007b), although it has been previously reported at individual level (Button et al , 2002.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

To know or not to know: influence of explicit advance knowledge of occlusion on interceptive actions

et al. 2011

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This study examined how explicit advance knowledge might influence adaptive behavior to visual occlusions. Catching performance and kinematics of good ball catchers were compared between no, early and late occlusion trials. Discrete visual occlusions of 400 ms, occurring early or late in the ball's approach trajectory, were randomly interspersed between no occlusion trials. In one condition, the presence and type of occlusion were announced a priori (expected), whereas in another condition no such information was provided (unexpected). Expectation of occlusion resulted in an adapted limb transport and increased grasping time, whereas in the unexpected condition a higher peak of wrist velocity was evident for all occlusion conditions. The observed different adaptations cannot be explained by trial-by-trial adaptations alone and instead provide evidence for the influence of explicit advance knowledge in the motor response of interceptive actions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

To know or not to know: influence of explicit advance knowledge of occlusion on interceptive actions

et al. 2011

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“…Even though this hypothesis has been much disputed in recent studies of the control of interceptive actions (e.g., Bootsma et al, 1997;Dessing, Bullock, Peper, & Beek, 2002;Lee et al, 1983;Montagne et al, 2001;Peper, Bootsma, Mestre, & Bakker, 1994;Savelsbergh et al, 1991), it must be the case that the specific characteristics of this task require a prediction, as control of the action is not possible after releasing the ball.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Ripoll¹,

Broderick²

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acceleration, is used (a) to estimate the time to contact (TTC) of an accelerated stimulus after the occlusion of a final part of its trajectory and (b) to indirectly intercept an accelerated stimulus with a thrown projectile. Both tasks require the production of an action on the basis of predictive information acquired before the arrival of the stimulus at the target and allow the experimenter to make quantitative predictions about the participants' use (or nonuse) of 1st-order information. The results show that participants do not use information about acceleration and that they commit errors that rely quantitatively on 1st-order information even when acceleration is psychophysically detectable. In the indirect interceptive task, action is planned about 200 ms before the initiation of the movement, at which time the 1st-order TTC attains a critical value.

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“…More precisely, the inverse of the relative rate of change of optical angle subtended at the point of observation relates one-to-one to the time remaining before contact (Lee, 1976;Knowles & Carel, 1958). Researchers have argued that tau is exploited by plummeting gannets to dive into water (Lee & Redish, 1981), by somersaulters to land on their feet (Lee, Young, & Rewt, 1992), and that tau can also be exploited to guide interceptive actions like catching balls (e.g., Savelsbergh, Whiting, & Bootsma, 1991). Elegantly, the change of optical angle not only depends on the motion of the point of observation but also on the object's motion.…”

Section: J J Gibson's Theory Of Perception and Its Conception Of Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search for specifying variables in the ambient array that animals are claimed to use to perceive and act has led to intriguing discoveries (e.g., Amazeen & Turvey, 1996;Savelsbergh et al, 1991).…”

Section: Empirical Studies Of Perception Action Learning and Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a new ecological conception of perceptual information: Lessons from a developmental systems perspective

Withagen¹,

Kamp²

2010

Human Movement Science

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Over the last two decades or so, empirical studies of perception, action, learning, and development have revealed that participants vary in what variable they detect and use and often rely on nonspecifying variables. This casts doubt on the Gibsonian conception of information as specification. It is argued that a recent ecological conception of information has solved important problems, but falls short in explaining what determines the object of perception. Drawing on recent work on developmental systems, we sketch the outlines of an alternative conception of perceptual information.It is argued that perceptual information does not reside in the ambient arrays; rather, perceptual information is a relational property of patterns in the array and perceptual processes. What a pattern in the ambient flow informs about depends on the perceiver who uses it. Here, we explore the implications of this alternative conception of information for the ecological approach to perception and action. The concept of information is a strongly debated notion in the study of perception and action. Indeed, among the issues that separate contemporary approaches to perception and action is the idea of what information is and where it resides. Proponents of indirect theories of perception have asserted that the information involved in perception exists both in the environment and the perceiver. Roughly speaking, this theory holds that the stimulus information that impinges on the senses is impoverished and needs to be enriched (e.g., Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1981;Neisser, 1967;Ullman, 1980). Thus, information residing in the animal enriches the impoverished stimulus information that the senses receive from the environment. Advocates of the theory of direct perception, by contrast, have claimed that all the information that is needed for perception is "out there" in the environment. J. J. Gibson (1966Gibson ( , 1979Gibson ( /1986, the founder of the ecological theory, asserted that the ambient energy arrays contain information that is rich and sufficient for perception. Because information in the arrays is specific to environmental properties, enrichment processes can be dispensed with. Perception is simply the extraction of specifying information that resides in the ambient array.Since its inception in the 1960s and 1970s, J. J. Gibson's ecological theory of perception and action has inspired many researchers, giving rise to a fruitful experimental program, the results of which are steadily accumulating (e

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Grasping tau.

Cited by 246 publications

References 24 publications

To know or not to know: influence of explicit advance knowledge of occlusion on interceptive actions

To know or not to know: influence of explicit advance knowledge of occlusion on interceptive actions

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Towards a new ecological conception of perceptual information: Lessons from a developmental systems perspective

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