Grass hedge effects on controlling soil loss from concentrated flow: A case study in the red soil region of China

Cao, Longxi; Zhang, Yugang; Lu, Hui-Zhong; Yuan, Jinghe; Zhu, Yayun; Liang, Yin

doi:10.1016/j.still.2014.12.009

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Under the experimental conditions, mean flow velocities on vegetated slopes ranged from 0·24 to 0·42 m s −1 , which were much higher than that reported on natural condition (Zhang et al ., ; Cao et al ., ). The difference may be related with the existence of more depressions and the increased surface roughness and infiltration rate on the natural vegetated slope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

et al. 2015

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Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt-laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10 À2 m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10 À3 m 3 s À1 and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

et al. 2015

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“…The relationship between vegetation and sediment retention can be understood only if the vegetation effect on hydraulic roughness, which is the frictional resistance due to the contact of runoff with the vegetation, is characterised, as it is the main process with gravity furthering sediment retention. This effect has been previously investigated (Akram et al, 2014;Cantalice et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2015;Haan et al, 1994;Järvelä, 2002;Temple et al, 1987). The presence of herbaceous vegetation has positive impacts on hydraulic roughness, as it reduces flow velocity and increases backwater depth (Akram et al, 2014;Cantalice et al, 2015;Hussein et al, 2007), thereby increasing sediment retention due to its linear relationship with backwater depth (Dabney et al, 1995;Hussein et al, 2007;Meyer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The presence of herbaceous vegetation has positive impacts on hydraulic roughness, as it reduces flow velocity and increases backwater depth (Akram et al, 2014;Cantalice et al, 2015;Hussein et al, 2007), thereby increasing sediment retention due to its linear relationship with backwater depth (Dabney et al, 1995;Hussein et al, 2007;Meyer et al, 1995). Plant effects on hydraulic roughness are highly variable among species and are difficult to explain without characterisation of all aboveground morphological traits (Cantalice et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2015;Dabney et al, 1995). The relationship between aboveground plant morphology and hydraulic roughness should be specified to globally understand runoff and soil erosion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant functional trait effects on runoff to design herbaceous hedges for soil erosion control

Kervroëdan

Armand

Saunier³

et al. 2018

Ecological Engineering

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Vegetation controls concentrated runoff and erosion in the European loess belt by increasing hydraulic roughness and sediment retention. Studies of plant effects on runoff velocity are usually based on a taxonomical characterisation and do not consider the effects of aboveground plant functional traits in attempts to understand soil erosion by water. This trait-based plant study investigates aboveground plant functional trait effects of herbaceous hedges on the hydraulic roughness to understand soil erosion. Eight aboveground functional traits were measured on fourteen indigenous and perennial plant species (caespitose or comprising dry biomass in winter) from northwest Europe with a high morphological variability. For each trait, density-weighted traits were calculated. ACCEPTED VERSION 2 The effects of functional traits and density-weighted traits were examined using a runoff simulator with four discharges. The leaf density and area, as well as density-weighted stem and leaf areas, stem diameter and specific leaf area were positively correlated with the hydraulic roughness. Generalised linear models defined the best combinations of traits and density-weighted traits: (1) leaf density and leaf area, (2) density-weighted leaf area and density-weighted projected stem area, and (3) density-weighted leaf area and densityweighted stem diameter. Moreover, the effects of leaf density, leaf area and densityweighted specific leaf area, varied depending on the discharge. This study is one of the first characterisation of aboveground trait effects on hydraulic roughness and highlights that vegetation with important stem density, diameter and leaf area plays a significant role in minimising soil erosion. The selection of plant species can derive from these plant trait effects to design reconstructed herbaceous hedges to minimise soil erosion.

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“…No‐tillage and no‐tillage with mulch can decrease soil erodibility by improving soil quality, whereas contour tillage and micro‐basins tillage help to increase surface roughness, which is effective for increasing surface runoff infiltration and preventing soil loss (Vieira & Dabney, ). The filtration, deposition, and infiltration functions of hedgerows can intercept the sediment in the surface runoff to reduce the sediment concentration in runoff so as to reduce sediment yield (Cao et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of minimum soil disturbance practices on controlling water erosion in China's slope farmland: A meta‐analysis

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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Slope farmlands are commonly found in China, and soil loss from slope farmland is the main source of river sediment. Minimum soil disturbance practices were considered effectively in controlling water erosion, especially on slope farmlands. Although their beneficial effects have been universally recognized, further research is still needed to quantify the extent of minimum soil disturbance practices in reducing runoff and sediment yield. We present a quantitative review based on a nationwide meta‐analysis, including 536 runoff and 615 sediment‐paired observations, to evaluate the effectiveness of minimum soil disturbance practices in controlling water erosion in China. Minimum soil disturbance practices in China reduced runoff and sediment yield by 36.09% and 51.69%, respectively. Collecting soil to form ridges with no‐tillage, contour tillage with hedgerow, and micro‐basins tillage demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05) runoff and sediment yield reductions than other three practices (no‐tillage, no‐tillage with mulch, and contour tillage). Practices that change in soil properties by microtopography management were superior (p < 0.05) to practices that change soil properties without tillage in reducing runoff and sediment yield. Minimum soil disturbance practices are more effective in reducing sediment yield than runoff due to its additional effects besides reducing runoff directly. No correlations between runoff or sediment yield reduction and slope gradient were observed, whereas the efficiency of water erosion control by minimum soil disturbance practices increased with the increasing slope length. As a soil and water conservation measure, minimum soil disturbance practices can be applied in slope farmland of China.

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Grass hedge effects on controlling soil loss from concentrated flow: A case study in the red soil region of China

Cited by 58 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Plant functional trait effects on runoff to design herbaceous hedges for soil erosion control

Effects of minimum soil disturbance practices on controlling water erosion in China's slope farmland: A meta‐analysis

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