Abstract. The differential geometry of almost Grassmann structures defined on a differentiable manifold of dimension n = pq by a fibration of Segre cones SC(p, q) is studied. The peculiarities in the structure of almost Grassmann structures for the cases p = q = 2; p = 2, q > 2 (or p > 2, q = 2), and p > 2, q > 2 are clarified. The fundamental geometric objects of these structures up to fourth order are derived. The conditions under which an almost Grassmann structure is locally flat or locally semiflat are found for all cases indicated above. Baston in [10] constructed a theory of a general class of structures, called almost Hermitian symmetric (AHS) structures, which include conformal, projective, almost Grassmann, and quaternionic structures and for which the construction of the Cartan normal connection is possible. He constructed a tensor invariant for them and proved that its vanishing is equivalent to the structure being locally that of a Hermitian symmetric space. In [19], the AHS structures have been studied from the point of view of cone structures (see [10] and [19] for further references on generalized conformal structures).Bailey and Eastwood [9] extended the theory of local twistors, which was known for four-dimensional conformal structures, to the almost Grassmann structures (they called them the paraconformal structures). Dhooghe ([12], [13]) considered almost Grassmann structures (he called them Grassmannian structures) as subbundles of the second order frame bundle and constructed a canonical normal connection for these structures. The structure equations derived for the Grassmann structures in [13] are very close to the structure equations of the Grassmann structures considered in the present paper.