Grating based devices in polymer optical fibre

Dobb, Helen L.; Carroll, Karen; Webb, David J.; Kalli, Kyriacos; Komodromos, Michael; Themistos, Christos; Peng, Gang-Ding; Argyros, Alexander; Large, M. I.; Eijkelenborg, Martijn A. van; Fang, Q.; Boyd, Ian W.

doi:10.1117/12.662306

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in polymer optical fiber (POF) are attractive for optical fiber sensing applications that measure strain and temperature due to their low Young's modulus (25 times lower than silica), their high thermo-optic coefficient, and because they can be stretched far more than silica fibers before breaking (in excess of 10%) [1,2]. In addition, polymer optical fibers (POFs) are clinically acceptable, which along with their flexible and non-brittle nature makes POFs important candidates for in-vivo biosensing applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity insensitive TOPAS polymer fiber Bragg grating sensor

et al. 2011

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Abstract:We report the first experimental demonstration of a humidity insensitive polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG), as well as the first FBG recorded in a TOPAS polymer optical fiber in the important low loss 850nm spectral region. For the demonstration we have fabricated FBGs with resonance wavelength around 850 nm and 1550 nm in single-mode microstructured polymer optical fibers made of TOPAS and the conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Characterization of the FBGs shows that the TOPAS FBG is more than 50 times less sensitive to humidity than the conventional PMMA FBG in both wavelength regimes. This makes the TOPAS FBG very appealing for sensing applications as it appears to solve the humidity sensitivity problem suffered by the PMMA FBG. ©2011 Optical Society of America

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity insensitive TOPAS polymer fiber Bragg grating sensor

et al. 2011

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. 325nm has been employed as a mainstream wavelength for writing grating in PMMA POFs [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Other wavelength such as 355nm obtained from a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser has been used to write grating in CYTOP fiber developed by Asahi Glass Co. and Keio University [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber Bragg gratings have been written in many types of POFs, for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) POFs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], fluorinated POFs [15,16], and TOPAS POFs [17], by using various methods such as phasemask [1][2][3][4][5], direct writing [6], or a combination of phase mask and interferometry [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. 325nm has been employed as a mainstream wavelength for writing grating in PMMA POFs [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of annealing on the strain sensitivity performance was not yet considered. Polymer optical FBGs have shown great potential for sensor applications to sense for example temperature and strain with higher sensitivity and wider tunability than its silica counterpart [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Those advantages are due to the lower Young's modulus and higher thermo-optic coefficient of POFs [23,24].…”

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Improved thermal and strain performance of annealed polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings

Yuan

Stefani

Bache

et al. 2011

Optics Communications

142

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Abstract:We report on a detailed study of the inscription and characterization of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in commercial step index polymer optical fibers (POFs). Through the growth dynamics of the gratings, we identify the effect of UV-induced heating during the grating inscription. We found that FBGs in annealed commercial POFs can offer more stable short-term performance at both higher temperature and larger strain. Furthermore, the FBGs' operational temperature and strain range without hysteresis was extended by the annealing process. We identified long-term stability problem of even the annealed POF FBGs. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. 325nm has been employed as a mainstream wavelength for writing grating in PMMA POFs [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Other wavelength such as 355nm obtained from a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser has been used to write grating in CYTOP fiber developed by Asahi Glass Co. and Keio University [15,16]. On the other hand, 800nm femtosecond pulses from Ti:Sapphire laser or its double frequency was mainly used for point by point direct writing [6] or grating writing with a phasemask [7]. However, the mechanism of index change does not appear to be fully understood [5,13,[18][19][20]. It is believed that more than one process is involved in the photo-induced refractive index changes and hence in the grating formation dynamics [18][19][20]. The widely accepted point is that the principle mechanism of index change is an increase due to the photo-induced polymerization of the unreacted monomers [5,[18][19][20], while laser-induced heating in the irradiated region during the inscription may also contribute to the index change [5]. Previous reports indicated that annealing of the POF before FBG inscription can relieve the frozen-in stress induced by the fiber drawing process [21] and increase the linear operation temperature range of FBGs [22]. However, the effect of annealing on the strain sensitivity performance was not yet considered. Polymer optical FBGs have shown great potential for sensor applications to sense for example temperature and strain with higher sensitivity and wider tunability than its silica counterpart [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Those advantages are due to the lower Young's modulus and higher thermo-optic coefficient of POFs [23,24]. In addition, polymers are clinically

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“…2,3 FBG filters coated with thin-film heaters on the surface have been promoted as wavelength-tunable devices because of their compact nature, fast response, and high efficiency. It has been noted recently that polymer optical FBGs have a high temperature sensitivity, 4 and hence they may be suitable candidates for producing a widely tunable filter by heating the fiber. Thermally tuned gratings in polymer waveguides have resulted in large wavelength tuning, but in polymer material that cannot be extruded into fiber.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrically tunable Bragg gratings in single-mode polymer optical fiber

et al. 2007

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We present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a tunable fiber Bragg grating device in polymer optical fiber that utilizes a thin-film resistive heater deposited on the surface of the fiber. The polymer fiber was coated via photochemical deposition of a Pd/ Cu metallic layer with a procedure induced by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation at room temperature. The resulting device, when wavelength tuned via joule heating, underwent a wavelength shift of 2 nm for a moderate input power of 160 mW, a wavelength to input power coefficient of −13.4 pm/ mW, and a time constant of 1. There are many important applications for tunable fiber devices in optical sensing and lightwave communication systems. The use of fiber Bragg gratings (FGBs) as tunable filtering candidates has been demonstrated in glass fibers with wavelength and bandwidth tunability shown by use of strain 1 and temperature.2,3 FBG filters coated with thin-film heaters on the surface have been promoted as wavelength-tunable devices because of their compact nature, fast response, and high efficiency. It has been noted recently that polymer optical FBGs have a high temperature sensitivity, 4 and hence they may be suitable candidates for producing a widely tunable filter by heating the fiber. Thermally tuned gratings in polymer waveguides have resulted in large wavelength tuning, but in polymer material that cannot be extruded into fiber. 5 In this Letter we demonstrate what is believed to be the first wavelength-tunable polymer optical FBG filtering device that relies on thin-film resistive load heating to produce wavelength changes.FBGs were inscribed into step-index single-and few-mode polymer optical fiber [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)] by use of a 30 mW Kimmon IK series HeCd laser emitting at 325 nm by means of the standard phase mask technique. The phase mask had a pitch of 1060.85 nm and was designed to produce a FBG at 1568 nm in the polymer optical fiber, in contrast with the 1536 nm design wavelength for silica fiber. Further details of the inscription procedure may be found in Ref. 6.The surface region around the grating was coated with a Pd/ Cu metallic layer; the former aided adhesion to the PMMA, and the latter acted as the thinfilm heater element. Metal deposition was initiated by use of a vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light source operating at 172 nm and at low (room) temperature using the arrangement in Fig. 1. At this wavelength the penetration depth of the light source is of the order of 1 m, and therefore there is no damage to the grating device, but the surface of the sample undergoes chemical roughening, as the light initiates bond Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the coating procedure.

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Grating based devices in polymer optical fibre

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Humidity insensitive TOPAS polymer fiber Bragg grating sensor

Humidity insensitive TOPAS polymer fiber Bragg grating sensor

Improved thermal and strain performance of annealed polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings

Electrically tunable Bragg gratings in single-mode polymer optical fiber

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