Gratitude and patience moderate meaning struggles and suicidal risk in a cross‐sectional study of inpatients at a Christian psychiatric hospital

Abstract

Objective: Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death, so research identifying protective factors is essential. Research suggests gratitude and life hardships patience are character strengths that might protect against the deleterious association of struggles with ultimate meaning and suicide risk. However, no studies have evaluated their utility among people experiencing acute/severe mental health concerns. Method: We tested the protective function of gratitude and life hardships patience with cross-sectional data from adults (M age = 31.83 years; SD = 14.84; range = 18-82) hospitalized in a Christian psychiatric inpatient facility (M stay = 6.37 days, SD = 4.64). Results: Gratitude and life hardships patience moderated the positive relation between meaning struggles and suicide risk. Specifically, gratitude and life hardships patience protected against meaning struggles as a risk factor for suicide through mechanisms separate from ameliorating depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Findings provide initial support for gratitude and patience interventions as an adjunct to standard psychiatric treatment for minimizing suicide risk.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Bafadal`s Leadership Morality Questionnaire in Indonesian Context

“…This supports the notion that BLMQ and its various constructs have good convergent validity with the MCI, which was designed to measure a similar range of moral competencies such as active care for others and ethical action (Martin & Austin, 2010). Specifically, the Spirituality Morals (SM) dimension, which includes elements like Consistent Attitude, Patience, Gratitude, and Sincerity Caza et al, 2015;Peterson & Seligman, 2004;Schnitker et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2020), shows a high correlation with BLMQ. Similarly, the Nationality Morals (NM) dimension, encompassing Applying Democratic Values and Realizing National Resilience, also correlates well with BLMQ.…”

“…When we dissect this further and align it with the Moral Competency Inventory (MCI) (Martin & Austin, 2010), it becomes apparent that various sub-components of the BLMQ also correlate well with the MFQ. For example, "Spirituality Moral" in BLMQ encompasses aspects like "Consistent Attitude," "Patience," "Gratitude," and "Sincerity," all of which show substantial correlations with various MFQ domains (Schnitker et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2020). Similarly, domains like "Nationality Moral" and "Humanity Moral" align with the principles of the MCI and correlate significantly with MFQ domains, suggesting that the BLMQ may be capturing a broad spectrum of moral competencies effectively .…”

“…These values not only serve as the backbone for school leadership but also impact the moral reasoning and sensitivity of individuals within the educational ecosystem. The text also delves into specific virtues like "istiqomah" (consistency), patience, gratitude, and sincerity, contextualizing them within the roles of educators and school leaders Bafadal & Nurabadi, 2019;Junça-Silva et al, 2023;Schnitker et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2020). These virtues are framed as cognitive and emotional supplements that reinforce community reciprocity and moral obligations.…”

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Associated Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Gay and Bisexual Men in China: A Moderated Mediation Model

“…The item on suicide attempts is "During the last 12 months, have you ever attempted to commit suicide?" Each item is gauged on a 4-point Likert scale, similar to prior studies (Ren et al, 2018;Schnitker et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021), ranging from 0 (did not apply to me at all) to 3 (applied to me most of the time).…”

“…We assessed about suicidal ideation and attempts in the past 12 months using two items, this measure has been widely used in prior research (e.g., Lee et al, 2022; Schlagbaum et al, 2021). The item on suicidal ideation is “During the last 12 months, have you ever had suicidal thoughts, even if you have not actually done it?” The item on suicide attempts is “During the last 12 months, have you ever attempted to commit suicide?” Each item is gauged on a 4-point Likert scale, similar to prior studies (Ren et al, 2018; Schnitker et al, 2021; Wu et al, 2021), ranging from 0 ( did not apply to me at all ) to 3 ( applied to me most of the time ).…”