Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20): A Cross-Cultural, Psychometric and Crowdsourcing Analysis

Abstract

The use in psychology of crowdsourcing platforms as a method of data collection has been increasing in popularity because of its relative ease and versatility. Our goal is to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20) to the English language by using data collected through a crowdsourcing platform. The G20 is a comprehensive instrument that takes in consideration the different basic processes of gratitude and assesses the construct’s cognitive, evaluative, emotional, and behavioral processes. We test the psychometric properties of the English version of the G20 with a Prolific (ProA) user sample. We assess the adequacy of the G20 for the crowdsourcing population in its English version. A description of the characteristics of the participants is conducted. Reliability analyses reveal an optimal internal consistency of the adapted scale. The results are discussed from a cross-cultural vision of gratitude. We conclude that the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20), adapted to English with an American sample, is a psychometrically strong instrument to measure gratitude using crowdsourcing platforms for data collection and, therefore, a reference and useful tool in future research.

Individual Differences Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Age, Gender, Personality, and Positive Psychology

“…Instruments A socio-demographic survey was created for this study (employment status, educational level, marital status, age, and gender). The English adaptation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (G20, Bernabé-Valero et al, 2014) was used in the present study (Bernabe-Valero et al, 2020). This scale has four subscales and 20 items that were rated on a 7-pt scale ("1 = Strongly Disagree" to "7 = Strongly Agree").…”

Analysis of Scales and Measures of Moral Virtues: A Systematic Review

“…This is verified in most of the measurement instruments in the list of items. Articles that addressed specific moral virtues empirically observed one or two virtues: appreciation of virtues and their links with status (Bai, Ho, & Yan, 2020), self-consideration and consideration for others (Grappi, Romani, & Bagozzi, 2013), moral courage (Mansur, Sobral, & Islam, 2020), gratitude (Bernabe-Valero, Blasco-Magraner, & García-March, 2020;Gulliford, Morgan, Hemming, & Abbott, 2019;Hudecek, Blabst, Morgan, & Lermer, 2020;Morgan, Gulliford, & Kristjánsson, 2017), gratitude and love (Diessner, Iyer, Smith, & Haidt, 2013), humility (Colombo, Strangmann, Houkes, Kostadinova, & Brandt, 2021;Qin, Liu, Brown, Zheng, & Owens, 2019), integrity (Castro-González, Bande, Fernández-Ferrín, & Kimura, 2019), justice (Beekun, Westerman, & Barghouti, 2005;Beugré, 2012), self-forgiveness (Kim, Volk, & Enright, 2021), respect and responsibility (Manly, Leonard, & Riemenschneider, 2015), good and bad character traits (Jiao, Yang, Guo, Xu, Zhang, & Jiang, 2020), resilience (Lasota, Tomaszek, & Bosacki, 2020) and temperance (Shahab & Adil, 2020).…”

The Moderation Effects of Comparative Thinking Between Gratitude and Negative Affect During the COVID-19 Outbreak

“…In this research, a unidimensional measure was chosen to make the questionnaires easier for participants but several studies have found differences in results depending whether a unidimensional or multidimensional measure of gratitude has been used (e.g., Martinez-Cortés and Bernabe-Valero, 2018 ; Bernabé-Valero et al, 2019 ). Future research should address different gratitude conceptions in its nature ( Bernabe-Valero et al, 2020 ) as well as in its cultural conception ( Robustelli and Whisman, 2018 ). On the other hand, gratitude has been shown to be directly related to positive affect and inversely related to negative affect, as previous literature has shown, particularly in times of a pandemic ( Burke et al, 2020 ; Jiang, 2020 ) as well as other historical moments ( Watkins et al, 2006 ; Frias et al, 2011 ).…”

“…An additional aspect to consider is the instrument employed for the assessment of gratitude based on a unidimensional scale in the current study, which has not allowed us to assess aspects as interesting as gratitude in terms of suffering, but are included in other scales underling the term of gratitude (e.g., the G20 in Bernabé-Valero et al, 2014 ; English adaptation in Bernabe-Valero et al, 2020 ). In other words, this seems particularly suitable for assessing whether people can feel gratitude in situations that generate suffering, such as the ongoing crisis resulting from the current pandemic.…”

“…The internal consistency of the instrument in its construction was high, being α =0.82. It should be noted that item number 6 was removed for theoretical and empirical reasons (see more in Chen et al, 2008 ; Bernabe-Valero et al, 2013 , 2020 , 2019 ; Hudecek et al, 2020 ). The final GQ-5 internal consistency was α =0.89.…”