“…8 Considerable attention has been paid to tobacco, 9,10 asbestos, [11][12][13] oil, Big Pharma, medical device companies, and the food and beverage industry. 9,10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Policy changes in the last decades of the 20 th century have created a new climate for scientific research, particularly in the U.S., by increasing the number of industry-academic partnerships. 21 The often cited U.S. Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 allowed university researchers, small businesses, and nonprofit institutions to obtain private patents on federally funded research.…”