Gravimetric determination of the water concentration in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes and correlations with hematological and clinicochemical parameters

Lijnema, T.H.; Huizenga, J.R.; Jäger, J; Mackor, A.J.; Gips, Ch

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(93)90105-d

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The ethanol concentration measured in different tissue types depends on the relative water content in the tissue, physiological processes occurring before death, ie absorption and elimination processes, and the progression of postmortem changes. The average ratio of 1.22 for the CSFAC and BAC determined in the present study is close to the ratio of the water contents of the CSF (≈0.99) and blood (0.8), which is approximately 1.24.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

et al. 2019

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Determination of the ethanol concentration in corpses with MRS would allow a reproducible forensic assessment by which evidence is collected in a noninvasive manner. However, although MRS has been successfully used to detect ethanol in vivo, it has not been applied to postmortem ethanol quantification in situ. The present study examined the feasibility of the noninvasive measurement of the ethanol concentration in human corpses with MRS. A total of 15 corpses with suspected alcohol consumption before demise underwent examination in a 3 T whole body scanner.To address the partial overlap of the ethanol and lactate signal in the postmortem spectrum, non-water-suppressed single voxel spectra were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the left lateral ventricle via the metabolite cycling technique. The ethanol signals were quantified using the internal water as reference standard, as well as based on a reference signal acquired in a phantom. The measured values were compared with biochemically determined concentrations in the blood (BAC) and CSF (CSFAC). In 8 of the 15 corpses a BAC above zero was determined (range 0.03-1.68 g/kg). In all of these 8 corpses, ethanol was measured in CSF with the proposed MRS protocol. The two applied MRS calibration strategies resulted in similar concentrations. However, the MRS measurements generally overestimated the ethanol concentration by 0.09 g/kg (4%) to 0.72 g/kg (45%) as compared with the CSFAC value. The presented MRS protocol allows the measurement of ethanol in the CSF in human corpses and provides an estimation of the ethanol concentration prior to autopsy. Observed deviations from biochemically determined concentrations are mainly explained by the approximate correction of the relaxation attenuation of the ethanol signal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, a strong inverse correlation exists between the blood water and the blood Hb concentration at baseline [1][2][3] (Figure 1A) as well as during infusions of fluid ( Figure 1B). The Hb molecule has a slow metabolic turnover and does not undergo capillary leakage, which makes it a suitable index of the water volume kinetics.…”

Section: The D Iluti On Con Cep Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding volume kinetics

Hahn

2020

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

106

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The distribution and elimination kinetics of the water volume in infusion fluids can be studied by volume kinetics. The approach is a modification of drug pharmacokinetics and uses repeated measurements of blood hemoglobin and urinary excretion as input variables in (usually) a two‐compartment model with expandable walls. Study results show that crystalloid fluid has a distribution phase that gives these fluids a plasma volume expansion amounting to 50%‐60% of the infused volume as long as the infusion lasts, while the fraction is reduced to 15%‐20% within 30 minutes after the infusion ends. Small volumes of crystalloid barely distribute to the interstitium, whereas rapid infusions tend to cause edema. Fluid elimination is very slow during general anesthesia due to the vasodilatation‐induced reduction of the arterial pressure, whereas elimination is less affected by hemorrhage. The half‐life is twice as long for saline than for Ringer solutions. Elimination is slower in conscious males than conscious females, and high red blood cell and thrombocyte counts retard both distribution and re‐distribution. Children have faster turnover than adults. Plasma volume expansions are similar for glucose solutions and Ringer's, but the expansion duration is shorter for glucose. Concentrated urine before and during infusion slows down the elimination of crystalloid fluid. Colloid fluids have no distribution phase, an intravascular persistence half‐life of 2‐3 hours, and—at least for hydroxyethyl starch—the ability to reduce the effect of subsequently infused crystalloids. Accelerated distribution due to degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx layer has not yet been demonstrated.

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“…The water densities of the skeletal muscle, the liver, the myocardium, and the blood pool were assumed to be similar, within the range of 70%-80%. [36][37][38][39] Subject-specific normalization maps were calculated by fitting a low spatial frequency map to all reference tissues, assuming that B 1 inhomogeneity is the predominant modulator of signal intensity variations over space. Subsequently, division of the signal in all tissues by the normalization map, including the lungs, will remove spatial variations from B 1 inhomogeneity and yield pixel intensities that are normalized to the reference tissues.…”

Section: In Vivo Experiments: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of lung water density with UTE Yarnball MRI

Meadus

Stobbe

Grenier

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose An efficient Yarnball ultrashort‐TE k‐space trajectory, in combination with an optimized pulse sequence design and automated image‐processing approach, is proposed for fast and quantitative imaging of water density in the lung parenchyma. Methods Three‐dimensional Yarnball k‐space trajectories (TE = 0.07 ms) were designed at 3 T for breath‐hold and free‐breathing navigator acquisitions targeting the lung parenchyma (full torso spatial coverage) with minimal T1 and T2∗ weighting. A composite of all solid tissues surrounding the lungs (muscle, liver, heart, blood pool) was used for user‐independent lung water density signal referencing and B1‐inhomogeneity correction needed for the calculation of relative lung water density images. Sponge phantom experiments were used to validate absolute water density quantification, and relative lung water density was evaluated in 10 healthy volunteers. Results Phantom experiments showed excellent agreement between sponge wet weight and imaging‐derived water density. Breath‐hold (13 seconds) and free‐breathing (~2 minutes) Yarnball acquisitions in volunteers (2.5‐mm isotropic resolution) had negligible artifacts and good lung parenchyma SNR (>10). Whole‐lung average relative lung water density values with fully automated analysis were 28.2 ± 1.9% and 28.6 ± 1.8% for breath‐hold and free‐breathing acquisitions, respectively, with good test–retest reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86 and 0.95, respectively). Conclusions Quantitative lung water density imaging with an optimized Yarnball k‐space acquisition approach is possible in a breath‐hold or short free‐breathing study with automated signal referencing and segmentation.

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Gravimetric determination of the water concentration in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes and correlations with hematological and clinicochemical parameters

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

Understanding volume kinetics

Quantification of lung water density with UTE Yarnball MRI

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