Gravitational Lensing of Charged Ayon-Beato-Garcia Black Holes and Nonlinear Effects of Maxwell Fields

Abstract

Non-singular Ayon-Beato-Garcia (ABG) spherically symmetric sta tic black hole (BH) with charge to mass ratio q = g 2m is metric solution of Born-Infeld nonlinear Maxwell-Einstein theory. Central region of the BH behaves as (anti-) de Sitter for (|q| > 1) |q| < 1. In case of |q| = 1 the BH central region behaves as Minkowski flat metric. Nonlinear Electromagnetic (NEM) fields counterpart causes to deviate light geodesics and so light rays will forced to move on effective metric. In this paper we study weak and strong gravitational lensing of light rays by seeking affects of NEM fields counterpart on image locations and corresponding magnification. We set our calculations to experimentally observed Sgr A * BH. In short we obtained: For large distances the NEM counterpart is negligible reaching to linear Maxwell fields. The NEM makes enlarge the BH photon sphere radius as linearly by raising |q| > 1 but deceases by raising |q| ≤ 1. Sign of deflection angle of bending light rays is changed in presence of NEM effects with respect to ones obtained in absence of NEM fields. Absolute value of deflection angle raises by increasing |q| → 1. Weak image locations decreases (increases) by raising 0 < |q| < 1 in presence (absence) of NEM fields. By raising the closest distance of the bending light rays weak image locations changes from left (right) to right (left) in absence (presence) of NEM fields. Einstein rings radius and corresponding magnification centroid become larger (smaller) in presence (absence) of NEM fields in case of weak lensing. Angular separation s between the innermost and outermost relativistic images increases (decreases) by increasing 0 < |q| < 1 in absence (presence) of NEM fields. Corresponding magnification r decreases (increases) by raising 0 < |q| < 1 in absence (presence) of NEM fields. s(r) raises (decreases) by increasing |q| >> 1.

Gravitational lensing by scalar-tensor wormholes and the energy conditions

“…The study of gravitational lensing is not only limited to the Schwarzschild black hole. Lensing by other black holes such as Reissner-Nordström [15][16][17][18], Kerr [19][20][21], Kiselev [22,23], global monopole [24][25][26], Einstein-Born-Infeld [27], Eddington-Born-Infeld [28][29][30], scalar-tensor [31,32], braneworld [33][34][35][36], dilaton [37][38][39][40], phantom [41,42], regular [43][44][45][46], Kaluza-Klein [47][48][49][50], Horava-Lifshitz [51], Myers-Perry [52] and Galileon [53] black holes, have been studied. Gravitational lensing by naked singularities has been analyzed to see whether one can distinguish between a black hole and a naked singularity [54][55][56][57][58].…”

Modified gauge invariant Einstein Maxwell gravity and Thermodynamic phase transition of anti de Sitter ReissnerNordstrom black holes

“…In the framework of black holes two types of black hole solutions are obtained from lagrangian included of coupling between GR and nonlinear electrodynamics, which are generalized RN solutions [16,17,18] or the regular black hole solutions [19,20,21,22,23,24] and they have been studied and investigated in many different aspects, such as stability properties, gravitational lensing, thermodynamic features and etc. [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]. Many attentions have been drawn toward a new field of interest named quantum gravity since Hawking discovery, in which he claimed that black holes also radiate [36].…”

Geodesic of nonlinear electrodynamics and stable photon orbits

“…The cosmological effect of a form of NLED with one parameter was examined in [39,40]. Some of the most studied models of NLED are the conformally invariant power Maxwell electrodynamics which was analyzed as higher-dimensional black holes in [41,42] and the Ayon-Beato-Garcia electrodynamics which was developed using Hamiltonian formulation to construct an electrically-charged Bardeen's regular black hole solution in [43] and the magnetically-charged one on [44], where it was resurfaced in recent studies [45,46].…”