Gravitational Wave Eigenfrequencies from Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernovae

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are predicted to produce gravitational waves (GWs) that may be detectable by Advanced LIGO/Virgo. These GW signals carry information from the heart of these cataclysmic events, where matter reaches nuclear densities. Recent studies have shown that it may be possible to infer the properties of the proto-neutron star (PNS) via GWs generated by hydrodynamic perturbations of the PNS. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how these relationships may change with the properties of CCSNe. In this work, we build a self-consistent suite of over 1000 exploding CCSNe from a grid of progenitor masses and metallicities combined with six different nuclear equations of state (EOS). Performing a linear perturbation analysis on each model, we compute the resonant GW frequencies of the PNS, and we motivate a time-agnostic method for identifying characteristic frequencies of the dominant GW emission. From this, we identify two characteristic frequencies, of the early- and late-time signal, that measure the surface gravity of the cold remnant neutron star, and simultaneously constrain the hot nuclear EOS. However, we find that the details of the CCSN model, such as the treatment of gravity or the neutrino transport, and whether it explodes, noticeably change the magnitude and evolution of the PNS eigenfrequencies.

Predicting Gravitational Waves from Jittering-jets-driven Core Collapse Supernovae

“…Gravitational waves from CCSNe are yet to be detected (e.g., Szczepańczyk et al 2023). Recent studies concentrate on the expected gravitational waves from CCSNe during the explosion process (e.g., Powell & Müller 2019;Lin et al 2023;Mezzacappa et al 2023;Pastor-Marcos et al 2023;Wolfe et al 2023; for more on the results of some studies see Section 3) and shortly after explosion, e.g., in relation to magnetar formation (e.g., Cheng et al 2023;Menon et al 2023).…”