Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Rivera, Paul C.

doi:10.5539/apr.v11n2p10

“…where µ o is the effective surface brightness of the galactic disk. Moreover, it was shown in [11] that seismic activities can result in radial orbital expansion where R = R o (1+5×10 -6 Q a ) in which Q a is the number of quakes and R o is the orbital radius. Therefore, Equation ( 4) becomes = !…”

Section: Methods and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

Rivera¹

2020

Preprint

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A new model of galaxy rotation based on the cyclostrophic model of vortices found in nature is developed. The model is tested using the SPARC dataset of 175 galaxies and a smaller dataset comprising of 60 galaxies. Analysis of the datasets showed that galactic rotation can be adequately described using the observed surface brightness of galaxies and the newly developed cyclostrophic velocity model. The use of the luminosity and the inverse mass-to-light ratio in lieu of the surface brightness, also yield a very good fit of the observed and computed galaxy rotation velocity. Evidently, galactic rotation greatly depends on the cyclostrophic balance of the pressure gradient and the centrifugal forces and the seismic-induced radial expansion occurring in various stars. This is the most probable origin of the action of a single force law that has been overlooked in previous studies. Therefore, the need for a super-massive black hole at the center of galaxies or hidden dark matter can be eliminated. Attractive gravitational force can occur even without a massive black hole at the center of galaxies. There appears to be a pressure gradient force between the center and the outer parts of galaxies that sustains attraction. The cyclostrophic model appears to be the physical basis of the Tully-Fisher relation. Furthermore, the missing mass problem associated with galactic rotation can be attributed to the orbital expansion of celestial objects perturbed by seismic-induced forces. In addition, massive tremors or starquakes may create a domino effect in perturbing nearby stars along the axis of the seismic-induced force and this could result in the formation of elliptical galaxies as the orbits of seismic-perturbed neighboring stars become larger.

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“…where P o is a constant external pressure, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T is the galactic temperature, and c is the speed of light [11]. The negative pressure (second term in Equation 2) can also be assumed to be proportional to 2n d kT where n d is the number density and k is the Boltzmann constant.…”

Section: Methods and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where µ o is the effective surface brightness of the galactic disk. Moreover, it was shown in [11] that seismic activities can result in radial orbital expansion where R = R o (1+5×10 -6 Q a ) in which Q a is the number of quakes and R o is the orbital radius. Therefore, Equation (4) becomes = " $1 + 5x10 * + , ) #…”

Section: Methods and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There appears to be a very strong impact of seismic perturbation on galactic motion that the missing mass problem can be attributed to the expected increase in the orbital distance R of stars in every galaxy undergoing massive tremors. Using the orbital expansion model described in [11], the individual stars which undergo massive tremors or starquakes must create a domino effect in perturbing nearby stars along the axis of the seismic-induced force. Due to associated gravitational weakening problem, the orbits of stars undergoing tremors must increase.…”

Section: Effect On the Structure Of Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

Rivera¹,

Rivera²

2019

AJAA

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A new model of galaxy rotation based on the cyclostrophic model of vortices found in nature is developed. The model is tested using the SPARC dataset of 175 galaxies and a smaller dataset comprising of 60 galaxies. Analysis of the datasets showed that galactic rotation can be adequately described using the observed surface brightness of galaxies and the newly developed cyclostrophic velocity model. The use of the luminosity and the inverse mass-to-light ratio in lieu of the surface brightness, also yield a very good fit of the observed and computed galaxy rotation velocity. Evidently, galactic rotation greatly depends on the cyclostrophic balance of the pressure gradient and the centrifugal forces and the seismic-induced radial expansion occurring in various stars. This is the most probable origin of the action of a single force law that has been overlooked in previous studies. Therefore, the need for a super-massive black hole at the center of galaxies or hidden dark matter can be eliminated. Attractive gravitational force can occur even without a massive black hole at the center of galaxies. There appears to be a pressure gradient force between the center and the outer parts of galaxies that sustains attraction. The cyclostrophic model appears to be the physical basis of the Tully-Fisher relation. Furthermore, the missing mass problem associated with galactic rotation can be attributed to the orbital expansion of celestial objects perturbed by seismic-induced forces. In addition, massive tremors or starquakes may create a domino effect in perturbing nearby stars along the axis of the seismic-induced force and this could result in the formation of elliptical galaxies as the orbits of seismic-perturbed neighboring stars become larger.

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“…There is thus a need to determine the exact theoretical value of the Hubble constant to be able to compare cosmological observations against it. This study aims to determine the exact value of the Hubble constant using the theoretical foundation originally proposed in Rivera [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Theoretical Value of the Hubble Constant Ho and Unification of the Fundamental Forces of Nature

Rivera¹

2021

EJPHYSICS

0

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The Hubble constant Ho represents the speed of expansion of the universe and various cosmological observations and modeling methods were utilized by astronomers for a century to pin down its exact value. Determining Ho from cosmological observations is a long and tedious process requiring highly accurate datasets. To circumvent this need, a simple theoretical approach is introduced in this study which uses the concept of gravitational weakening and seismic-induced recession. As tremors occur among celestial objects, their gravitational fields would also change. This resulted in a fundamental relation of Ho and the computed rate of recession that gives a theoretical value for Ho=69.921 Km/s/Mpc. Using the newly discovered seismic-induced gravitational weakening and time dilation, it is possible that various astrophysical methods using different measurement methods would converge to this theoretical Ho value when cosmological distances and time delay measurements are corrected with the simple formulas we derived. The new model assumes that, as quakes occur in celestial objects, luminosity-induced acceleration and high-energy collision of protons and electrons may produce a massive number of neutrinos, quarks and other subatomic particles. Furthermore, the fine structure constant was found to be inversely proportional to Ho-squared and that the fine-structure constant obtained in this study gives a new physical interpretation of α. New relations for the speed of light, orbital velocity, gravitational force and the Hubble constant were further derived from the new recession constant using approximate relations for the Newtonian and electric force constant. This resulted in a modified gravitational law that is both repulsive and attractive and a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon of light-induced gravitation analogous to the electromagnetic force where photon is the force-carrier. Finally, the fundamental forces of gravitation, electromagnetism and strong nuclear force are now unified.

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Gravitational Weakening of Seismic Origin as a Driving Mechanism of Some Astronomical Anomalies

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

The Theoretical Value of the Hubble Constant Ho and Unification of the Fundamental Forces of Nature

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