Gravity-driven sediment transport on continental shelves: A status report

Wright, L. D.; Friedrichs, Carl T.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.008

Cited by 207 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Both can gen er ate low-den sity sus pen sion cur rents, which produce se quences of struc tures sim i lar to those re ported from fine-grained turbidites (e.g., Stow and Shanmugam, 1980;Hill, 1984;Stow and Piper, 1984;Pedersen, 1985;Myrow, 1992) and ob served also in the de pos its stud ied. If de liv ery of fine-grained sed i ment to the nearshore zone is high, storms and tides can also gen er ate wave-and cur rent-sup ported density flows, which carry sus pended sed i ment in the form of fluid mud layer (Wright and Friedrichs, 2006). Such hyperpycnal layers are com monly ob served in mod ern shelf en vi ron ments and are the im por tant mech a nism of sed i ment re dis tri bu tion from the in ner shelf to the mid-and outer-shelf zones.…”

Section: Discussion Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm-influenced deposition and cyclicity in a shallow-marine mudstone succession - example from the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura (southern Poland)

Leonowicz

2015

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1 Uni ver sity of War saw, In sti tute of Ge ol ogy, ¯wirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Po land Leonowicz, P., 2015. Storm-in flu enced de po si tion and cyclicity in a shal low-ma rine mudstone suc ces sion -ex am ple from the Mid dle Ju ras sic ore-bear ing clays of the Pol ish Jura (south ern Po land). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 59 (2): 325-344, doi: 10.7306/gq.1221Sedimentological anal y sis of bioturbated mudstones from the Mid dle Ju ras sic ore-bear ing Czêstochowa Clay For ma tion has re vealed com mon rel ics of sed i men tary struc tures, such as thin silt/sand laminae, bed ding-plane ac cu mu la tions of shell debris, small and me dium silt-sand lenses, as well as silt-, sand-and shell-de bris-rich lev els, ac com pa nied by ero sion sur faces and mi nor scours. These fea tures doc u ment pe ri od i cal high-en ergy con di tions of mud de po si tion, in clud ing storm stir ring, event sed i men ta tion and the ac tiv ity of storm-gen er ated bot tom cur rents, which were re spon si ble for sea-floor ero sion and sed i ment sup ply from shal lower parts of the ba sin. The sea bot tom was prev a lently be low the storm wave base, but it rose above it dur ing ex cep tion ally strong storms and in the Early Bathonian zig zag chron when the ba sin ex pe ri enced con sid erable shallowing. The shal low est and high est en ergy con di tions oc curred in the late macrescens subchron, when the bot tom was close to, or above the fair-weather wave base. The es ti mated depth of the sea did not ex ceed sev eral tens of metres, but in some pe ri ods it could be even less than 20 m. Based on the ver ti cal vari a tion of the sand, silt and clay con tents, seven transgressive-re gres sive cy cles have been dis tin guished in the ap prox i mately 75 m thick suc ces sion span ning the Up per Bajocian-Up per Bathonian. Cy cles TR 1 , TR 2+3 , TR 5 and TR 6+7 cor re late with those dis tin guished in the co eval suc ces sion from cen tral Po land, al though the strati graphic po si tion of cy cle bound aries is slightly shifted. These cy cles re cord rel a tive sea level changes that af fected the en tire Pol ish Ba sin. Re gres sions R 2 and R 6 were smaller-scale-events, gen er ated in response to a lo cal tec tonic ac tiv ity and autocyclic shore line progradation.

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Section: Discussion Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm-influenced deposition and cyclicity in a shallow-marine mudstone succession - example from the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura (southern Poland)

Leonowicz

2015

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“…Studies on large modern subaqueous deltas like the Amazon (Kuehl et al, 1986;Nittrouer et al, 1986;Nittrouer et al, 1996;Kineke et al, 1996) and the Ganges-Brahmaputra (Kuehl et al 1997;2005;Michels et al, 1998) show that hyperpycnal sediment plumes play a crucial role in transporting and delivering sediment from the river mouth to the clinoform, and that alongshore currents redistribute sediments allowing clinoform development along-shelf as well as across-shelf (Driscoll and Karner, 1999;Giosan et al, 2006). Modeling studies for gravity-driven, wave-supported sediment transport predict the equilibrium profile of a mid-shelf clinoform as a function of wave climate and fluvial sediment supply (Friedrichs and Wright, 2004;Wright and Friedrichs, 2006). Deeper and broader profiles correspond to higher wave energy relative to river supply.…”

Section: Iamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aridification of the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene : implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, carbon cycle, and human civilizations

Ponton¹

2012

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The Indian monsoon affects the livelihood of over one billion people. Despite the importance of climate to society, knowledge of long-term monsoon variability is limited. This thesis provides Holocene records of monsoon variability, using sediment cores from river-dominated margins of the Bay of Bengal (off the Godavari River) and the Arabian Sea (off the Indus River). Carbon isotopes of terrestrial plant leaf waxes (6 13 Cwax) preserved in sediment provide integrated and regionally extensive records of flora for both sites. For the Godavari River basin the 61 3 Cwax record shows a gradual increase in aridity-adapted vegetation from ~4,000 until 1,700 years ago followed by the persistence of aridity-adapted plants to the present. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from this site indicates drought-prone conditions began as early as -3,000 years BP. The aridity record also allowed examination of relationships between hydroclimate and terrestrial carbon discharge to the ocean. Comparison of radiocarbon measurements of sedimentary plant waxes with planktonic foraminifera reveal increasing age offsets starting -4,000 yrs BP, suggesting that increased aridity slows carbon cycling and/or transport rates. At the second site, a seismic survey of the Indus River subaqueous delta describes the morphology and Holocene sedimentation of the Pakistani shelf and identified suitable coring locations for paleoclimate reconstructions. The 6 3 Cwax record shows a stable arid climate over the dry regions of the Indus plain and a terrestrial biome dominated by C 4 vegetation for the last 6,000 years. As the climate became more arid 4,000 years, sedentary agriculture took hold in central and south India while the urban Harappan civilization collapsed in the already arid Indus basin. This thesis integrates marine and continental records to create regionally extensive paleoenvironmental reconstructions that have implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, the terrestrial organic carbon cycle, and prehistoric human civilizations in the Indian subcontinent. 3 4A mi Tito y mi Sense, por haberme despertado el interes por la Ciencia. 5Creo muy poco en lo que veo. Y de lo que me cuentan... nada.-Juan Siyago 6 Acknowledgements I am indebted to my Advisors for their unconditional support and generosity with their ideas and their time. Thank you for keeping me afloat when the seas were rough and I had started to drown. I learned that persistence is key and Science is humbling. Through this journey Liviu's tenacity and strong guidance, and Tim's enthusiasm and optimistic outlook delivered me safely to shore.I will like to thank my committee members and Chair for their invaluable contributions to improve this thesis, but most importantly for their continuous support, concern and encouragement through out these years. Delia, for always being my advocate and offering your experience to suggest alternative solutions. Valier, I have learned immensely from you in the lab and our discussions have always been frui...

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“…1, 2). However, most of its fluvially derived sediment (>90%) appears to temporarily remain trapped within the modern deltaic system (Wright et al, 2001;Wright and Friedrichs, 2006). Yet extensive geological and geophysical surveys conducted in the North and South Yellow Sea reveal a prominent mud wedge that extends southward from the eastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula, some 350 km east of the present-day river mouth (Milliman et al, 1987;Alexander et al, 1991;Liu et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Yellow Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of sediments delivered to the sea by Asian large rivers: Long-distance transport and formation of remote alongshore clinothems

Liu¹,

Xue²,

Ross³

et al. 2009

TSR

160

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Recent studies show that the global flux of river-derived sediment reaching the coasts and oceans is about 15-19 x 10 9 tons per year. New sediment budgets for the major Asian river systems (e.g.,Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Ganges-Brahmaputra, etc.) suggest that 30-50% of their sediment load has been retained in the lower channel reaches to form an extensive subaerial delta plain, while the rest is discharged to the sea. Of the sediment load reaching the ocean, about half has been found to accumulate near the river mouth as a proximal subaqueous delta clinothem. However, the remaining sediment is found to be transported up to 600-800 km alongshore, ultimately being deposited as a shore-parallel middle-shelf clinothem.These clinoform deposits are generally <100 km in across-shelf width, 20-40 m thick nearshore, and pinch-out gradually seaward at 40-90 m water depth.A secondary nearshore depocenter can usually be found along the shelf away from the river mouth, with mud-lobe accumulation up to 40-50 m thick locally. Except for a few systems with shelf-indenting canyons (e.g., Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus), most of Asian riverderived sediments are trapped on the inner and middle shelf, unable to reach the deep ocean (i.e., >150 m) despite having been transported hundreds of kilometers from their mouths.

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Gravity-driven sediment transport on continental shelves: A status report

Cited by 207 publications

References 49 publications

Storm-influenced deposition and cyclicity in a shallow-marine mudstone succession - example from the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura (southern Poland)

Storm-influenced deposition and cyclicity in a shallow-marine mudstone succession - example from the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura (southern Poland)

Aridification of the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene : implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, carbon cycle, and human civilizations

Fate of sediments delivered to the sea by Asian large rivers: Long-distance transport and formation of remote alongshore clinothems

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