Gravity lens critical test for gravity constants and dark sector

Abstract

The recent study of the strong gravitational lens ESO 325-G004 [1] leads to a new possibility for testing General Relativity and its extensions. Such gravity lens observational studies can be instrumental for establishing a limitation on the precision of testing General Relativity in the weak-field regime and on the two gravity constants (the Newtonian and cosmological ones) as described in [2]. Namely, we predict a critical value for the involved weak-field parameter γcr = 0.998 (for M = 1.5 10 11 M⊙ lens mass and r = 2 kpc light impact distance), which remarkably does not depend on any hypothetical variable but is determined only by well measured quantities. If the critical parameter γcr will be established at future observations, this will mark the first discrepancy with General Relativity of conventional weak-field Newtonian limit, directly linked to the nature of dark sector of the Universe.

On the Lambda-evolution of galaxy clusters

“…Proceeding from the Newton's theorem on the "sphere-point" identity and the resulting weak-field modification of General Relativity, one arrives to the metric [6] (c = 1)…”

“…[14,15]) are still not reachable to those effects. Other testing opportunities are provided by the lensing of galaxies [16,17].…”

“…the discrepancy between the Hubble constant determinations from Planck's data and observations at lower redshift [1,2], activated the discussions regarding beyond ΛCDM and new physics [3,4].The modified weak-field General Relativity (GR) provides one of recent approaches to describing the dark sector [5,6,7]. That modification is based on Newton's theorem on the identity of gravity of a sphere and of a point mass situated in its center and enables to conclude on the common nature of the dark matter and dark energy, both being described by the cosmological constant [6,7]. That approach also offers a solution to the H-tension [8].…”

“…[14,15]) are still not reachable to those effects. Other testing opportunities are provided by the lensing of galaxies [16,17].Here we will try to reveal a possible difference in the dynamical evolution of two types of galaxy clusters, those determined by usual Newtonian gravity (standard N-body problem) and those by modified gravity with the repulsion term. We use geometrical methods of the theory of dynamical systems [18,19] first applied to gravitational N-body dynamics in [20] to describe their chaos and relaxation; for further application of those methods in General Relativity see [21,22].…”

Role of dust in the microwave emission of galactic halos

“…In Section 4 we briefly discuss certain modified gravity models proposed to explain the dark matter paradigm including the model in. 13,14 In Section 5 we draw our main conclusions.…”