Gravity Perception: The Role of the Cerebellum

MacNeilage, Paul R.; Glasauer, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.053

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Hence, a fast mechanism to readapt vestibular signals by somatosensory signals must therefore exist. A putative structure for such adaptive computations is the cerebellum (54)(55)(56)(57). Thus, in conclusion, during walking, eye movements are coupled to the somatosensory system through a modulation of the vestibuloocular reflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatosensory Influence on Platform-Induced Translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Vertical Direction in Humans

2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatosensory Influence on Platform-Induced Translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Vertical Direction in Humans

2020

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“…10 healthy participants (4 male and 6 female between the ages of [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] with no known history of neurological disease or injury participated in this study. Prior to participation, the experimental protocol was explained and participant's informed written consent obtained.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand better potential mechanisms contributing to the bias in perceived vertical we used previously published model of visuo-vestibular processing to predict the expected bias in vertical resulting from visual motion [36][37][38] (Fig 2). Briefly, we assumed that since participants were seated, the only stimuli present were the visual motion, in roll, and a vestibular encoding of gravity.…”

Section: Mechanistic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged presentation of angular visual field motion resulted in a bias in perceived vertical that reached an asymptotic value with a time constant of approximately 11.4 s in the 16˚/s-0% noise condition. Moreover, the saturation in bias of perceived vertical over time can be explained by feedback loops acting on the tilt estimation process and the velocity estimate [38]. As the perceived orientation of gravity separates from the otolith's gravito-inertial force signal, two sources of feedback act to limit further bias in perceived vertical [10,11,[35][36][37]41].…”

Section: Asymptotic Behaviour Of Perceived Vertical Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine the effect of noise on perceived vertical over time we used a model formulation similar to that used recently by MacNeilage and Glasauer [38]. Alternatively, a Bayesian formulation could also be used to describe this behaviour and indeed formulations of both types Comparison of data with the model (n = 10) for different velocities with noise held constant (zero noise) and different levels of noise with a velocity held constant at (16˚/s).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variance based weighting of multisensory head rotation signals for verticality perception

et al. 2020

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We tested the hypothesis that the brain uses a variance-based weighting of multisensory cues to estimate head rotation to perceive which way is up. The hypothesis predicts that the known bias in perceived vertical, which occurs when the visual environment is rotated in a vertical-plane, will be reduced by the addition of visual noise. Ten healthy participants sat head-fixed in front of a vertical screen presenting an annulus filled with coloured dots, which could rotate clockwise or counterclockwise at six angular velocities (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16˚/s) and with six levels of noise (0, 25, 50, 60, 75, 80%). Participants were required to keep a central bar vertical by rotating a hand-held dial. Continuous adjustments of the bar were required to counteract low-amplitude low-frequency noise that was added to the bar's angular position. During visual rotation, the bias in verticality perception increased over time to reach an asymptotic value. Increases in visual rotation velocity significantly increased this bias, while the addition of visual noise significantly reduced it, but did not affect perception of visual rotation velocity. The biasing phenomena were reproduced by a model that uses a multisensory variance-weighted estimate of head rotation velocity combined with a gravito-inertial acceleration signal (GIA) from the vestibular otoliths. The time-dependent asymptotic behaviour depends on internal feedback loops that act to pull the brain's estimate of gravity direction towards the GIA signal. The model's prediction of our experimental data furthers our understanding of the neural processes underlying human verticality perception.

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Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice

Lyu

Sun

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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The cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope. It has been found that the neuronal activity of vermal MLIs specifically enhanced during uphill and downhill locomotion. In addition, a subset of MLIs is activated during entire uphill or downhill positions on the slope and is modulated by the slope inclines. In contrast, PCs showed counter-balanced neuronal activity to MLIs, which reduced activity at the ramp peak. So, PCs may represent the ramp environment at the population level. In addition, chemogenetic inactivation of lobule V of the vermis impaired uphill locomotion. These results revealed a novel micro-circuit in the vermal cerebellum that regulates ambulatory behavior in 3D terrains.

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Gravity Perception: The Role of the Cerebellum

Abstract: The cerebellum is known to support motor behaviors, including postural stability, but new research supports the view that cerebellar function is also critical for perception of spatial orientation, particularly because of its role in vestibular processing.

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Somatosensory Influence on Platform-Induced Translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Vertical Direction in Humans

Somatosensory Influence on Platform-Induced Translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Vertical Direction in Humans

Variance based weighting of multisensory head rotation signals for verticality perception

Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice

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