Gravity sensing, a largely misunderstood trigger of plant orientated growth

Lopez, David; Tocquard, Kévin; Venisse, Jean-Stéphane; Legué, Valérie; Roeckel‐Drevet, Patricia

doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00610

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…S5). We defined the gravitropic response as the change in angle of a seedling’s stem 24 hours after a 90° rotation 39,40 , where 0° is no gravitropic response and 90° is a complete re-orientation. If differences in the auxin pathway have contributed to divergence in growth habit, we expected that prostrate populations would display a smaller gravitropic angle than their adjacent erect population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism creates hybrid sterility in an Australian wildflower

Wilkinson

Roda

Walter

et al. 2019

Preprint

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19Natural selection is a major driver for the origins of adaptations and new species 1 . Whether or 20 not the processes driving adaptation and speciation share a molecular basis remains largely 21 unknown 2 . Here, we show that divergence in hormone signalling contributed to the evolution 22 habits of S. lautus populations, therefore making evolution of the auxin pathway a natural 60 candidate to link the molecular basis of adaptation and speciation. We reasoned that if 61 divergence in the auxin pathway contributed to the evolution of adaptation and speciation in 62 S. lautus, we would discover the following evidence: First, we would detect similar patterns 63 of genetic divergence in auxin-related pathways across multiple erect and prostrate hybrid 64 and natural populations. Second, these populations would differ in phenotypes dependent on 65 auxin, such as their ability to alter the direction of growth in relation to gravity 10,16 . And third, 66 divergence in these auxin-dependent phenotypes would contribute to local adaptation and 67 intrinsic reproductive isolation between populations. 68We test these hypotheses primarily on coastal populations of S. lautus (Fig. 1a, Extended 69Data Table 1), which exhibit strong correlations between growth habit and the environments 70 they occupy 7 . Populations inhabiting sand dunes (Dune hereafter) are erect, while populations 71 growing on adjacent rocky headlands (Headland hereafter) are prostrate ( Fig. 1b). Erect and 72 prostrate growth habits can also be found in related populations from the alpine regions of 73 Australia, with a prostrate population inhabiting an exposed alpine meadow and an erect 74 population inhabiting a sheltered alpine gully (Fig. 1c). Dune populations are continually 75 exposed to high temperatures and sun radiation, low salinity, and low nutrient sand substrate, 76whereas Headland populations are exposed to high salinity, high nutrients and powerful 77 winds 17 . Neighbouring Dune and Headland populations are often sister taxa, group into two 78 major monophyletic clades (eastern and south-eastern) and have evolved their contrasting 79 growth habits independently multiple times 7,20 . These Dune and Headland populations are 80 locally adapted [17][18][19][20] and their F2 hybrids have low fitness 21 , indicating the presence of 81 intrinsic reproductive isolation. Furthermore, performing genetic, physiological, and 82 ecological experimental studies is achievable in this system due to its short life cycle, diploid 83 inheritance, and small vegetative size. Therefore, the Senecio lautus species complex 84The physiological basis of repeated evolution in S. lautus 126Considering we identified a multitude of different auxin related genes between erect and 127 prostrate populations of S. lautus and the regulation and transport of auxin is well established 128 to modulate gravitropism in plants, we predicted that these divergent growth habits may be a 129 direct consequence of changes in the auxin pathway, and can therefore contribute to 130 d...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism creates hybrid sterility in an Australian wildflower

Wilkinson

Roda

Walter

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…One general question is whether reaction wood forms in direct response to gravity, or if it forms in response to mechanical forces or other stimuli. This has been a challenging question, and requires experimental approaches that allow separation of effects attributable to gravity and mechanical forces resulting from the bending of stems (Lopez et al, 2014). However, while in fact multiple environmental and physiological signals probably contribute to induction of reaction woods, a number of classical experiments and observations suggest gravity to be the primary factor.…”

Section: Perception and Primary Responses To Gravity And Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitropisms and reaction woods of forest trees – evolution, functions and mechanisms

Groover

2016

New Phytologist

110

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Summary The woody stems of trees perceive gravity to determine their orientation, and can produce reaction woods to reinforce or change their position. Together, graviperception and reaction woods play fundamental roles in tree architecture, posture control, and reorientation of stems displaced by wind or other environmental forces. Angiosperms and gymnosperms have evolved strikingly different types of reaction wood. Tension wood of angiosperms creates strong tensile force to pull stems upward, while compression wood of gymnosperms creates compressive force to push stems upward. In this review, the general features and evolution of tension wood and compression wood are presented, along with descriptions of how gravitropisms and reaction woods contribute to the survival and morphology of trees. An overview is presented of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying graviperception, initial graviresponse and the regulation of tension wood development in the model angiosperm, Populus. Critical research questions and new approaches are discussed.

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“…Plant roots have been long studied and yet investigations of root behavior, physiology, and biochemistry continue to be actively explored on every level [ 1 – 6 ]. The work presented here seeks further insights into root growth strategies by focusing on two distinct growth patterns of root growth, skewing and waving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skewing in Arabidopsis roots involves disparate environmental signaling pathways

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSkewing root patterns provide key insights into root growth strategies and mechanisms that produce root architectures. Roots exhibit skewing and waving when grown on a tilted, impenetrable surface. The genetics guiding these morphologies have been examined, revealing that some Arabidopsis ecotypes skew and wave (e.g. WS), while others skew insignificantly but still wave (e.g. Col-0). The underlying molecular mechanisms of skewing and waving remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome data were derived from two Arabidopsis ecotypes, WS and Col-0, under three tilted growth conditions in order to identify candidate genes involved in skewing.ResultsThis work identifies a number of genes that are likely involved in skewing, using growth conditions that differentially affect skewing and waving. Comparing the gene expression profiles of WS and Col-0 in different tilted growth conditions identified 11 candidate genes as potentially involved in the control of skewing. These 11 genes are involved in several different cellular processes, including sugar transport, salt signaling, cell wall organization, and hormone signaling.ConclusionsThis study identified 11 genes whose change in expression level is associated with root skewing behavior. These genes are involved in signaling and perception, rather than the physical restructuring of root. Future work is needed to elucidate the potential role of these candidate genes during root skewing.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-0975-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Gravity sensing, a largely misunderstood trigger of plant orientated growth

Cited by 24 publications

References 68 publications

Adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism creates hybrid sterility in an Australian wildflower

Adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism creates hybrid sterility in an Australian wildflower

Gravitropisms and reaction woods of forest trees – evolution, functions and mechanisms

Skewing in Arabidopsis roots involves disparate environmental signaling pathways

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