Gravure printing inverted organic solar cells: The influence of ink properties on film quality and device performance

Voigt, Monika; MacKenzie, Roderick C. I.; King, Simon; Yau, Chin Pang; Atienzar, Pedro; Dane, Justin; Keivanidis, Panagiotis E.; Zadrazil, Ivan; Bradley, Donal D. C.; Nelson, Jenny

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.04.025

Cited by 97 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both fresh S-P3MEET and PEDOT:PSS exhibit a typical Newtonian fluid behavior where the viscosity is independent of the shear rate. This Newtonian behavior is reported to restrict printability of materials such as PEDOT:PSS, but can be tuned by careful choice of surfactants and additives [45]. By comparison, aged S-P3MEET is found to be a non-Newtonian fluid characterized by a shear-thinning behavior.…”

Section: Aging Of the S-p3meet Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We expect that this variation in particle size will result in different rheological behaviors, which again affect film formation/ morphology and thereby device performance [45,46]. In order to elucidate this effect, rheological measurements on fresh and aged S-P3MEET solutions were performed using a rheometer with a cone and plate geometry.…”

Section: Aging Of the S-p3meet Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solution aging and degradation of a transparent conducting polymer dispersion

Jacobs

Friedrich

et al. 2016

Organic Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tAs organic electronics improve, there is increased research interest on the longevity and stability of both the device and individual material components. Most of these studies focus on post deposition degradation and aging of the film. In this article, we examine the stability of polyelectrolyte dispersions before film coating. We observe substantial differences in the solution properties of the transparent conducting polymer, S-P3MEET, when comparing fresh versus aged dispersions and relate these solution differences to film properties. The aged dispersion contains large agglomerates and exhibits a typical shear-thinning rheological behavior, which results in non-uniformity of the spin-coated films. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements were used to differentiate the changes in bonding and oxidation states and show that aged S-P3MEET is more highly self-doped than fresh S-P3MEET. We also show that addition of acid, salt or heat to fresh S-P3MEET can accelerate the degradation/aging process but are subjected to different mechanisms. Conductivity measurements of S-P3MEET films illustrate that there is a tradeoff between increased work function and decreased conductivity upon perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) loading. The formation of nanostructure in solution is also correlated to film morphology variations obtained from atomic force microscopy. We expect that dispersion aging is a process that commonly exists in most solution-dispersed polyelectrolyte materials and that the methodologies presented in this paper might be beneficial to future degradation/stability studies.

show abstract

Section: Aging Of the S-p3meet Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Aging Of the S-p3meet Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution aging and degradation of a transparent conducting polymer dispersion

Jacobs

Friedrich

et al. 2016

Organic Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter allowed the sequential or simultaneous solar modules in the future. Another printing method that has been used in the organic solar cell field 75 and has been started to be applied to the perovskite field is gravure printing. Micro-gravure printing and doctor blading were used by Hu et al 76 to produce highly oriented and large-area perovskite nanowires (PNWs) which were used in photodetectors.…”

Section: Ink-jet Printing Vacuum/vapor Deposition and Other Large Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production.

show abstract

“…Printing methods thus include flexographic printing, offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing and ink-jet printing. In the printing method, the choice of the solvents for ink preparation has been identified as an important parameter for active layer surface morphology [24,44,45]. Voigt et al [24] studied the effect of solvents on the properties of the ink for the gravure printing method.…”

Section: Printing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ink-jet printing methods have attracted attention as part of a promising cost-efficient process for PSC fabrication due to its efficient materials usage, and its direct and precise patterning with a resolution of 20-30 mm, unlike that of spin coating and other conventional methods [22,23]. Unfortunately, ink-jet printing is not easily adaptable to mass volume manufacture, due to its low volume throughput and complexity [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%