Gray space and green space proximity associated with higher anxiety in youth with autism

Larson, Lincoln R.; Barger, Bruce O.; Ogletree, S. Scott; Torquati, Julia C.; Rosenberg, Steven A.; Gaither, Cassandra Johnson; Bartz, Jody Marie; Gardner, Andrew W.; Moody, Eric J.; Schutte, Anne R.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.006

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…When the significance level was 0.01, the accessibility of destination, sidewalk greening, and vehicle comity had a positive impact on children's concealed behavior. Children with autism experience the stress-relieving benefits of nature more than typically developing children [ 22 ]. At the significance level of 0.05, isolation facilities for people and vehicles and roadside parking had a positive impact on children's participation behavior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Study on the Influence of Urban Built Environment Factors on the Social Behavior of ASD Children

Wang

Yao

2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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The use of urban space by vulnerable groups, especially ASD children with social anxiety, is an important part of building sustainable urban development. In this study, we focus on the play behavior of ASD children from the perspective of urban planning; then, we discussed how the urban built environmental factors affect the social behavior of ASD children. In this paper, 220 parents of ASD children were given questionnaires and 197 valid questionnaires were obtained after removing invalid ones. Stepwise regression was adopted to further accurately analyze the influence of each factor index in the built environment on children’s social behavior. The results showed that multiple urban built environment factors had significant influence on the social behaviors (observation, participation, retreat, and concealment) of children with autism at three stages: before departure, during journey, and arrived at destination. The purpose of study is to fully consider the use of urban space by ASD children when urban researchers or urban planners construct sustainable urban forms, formulate urban design guidelines, and implement old city renewal strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Study on the Influence of Urban Built Environment Factors on the Social Behavior of ASD Children

Wang

Yao

2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Despite the aforementioned benefits, it is important to avoid romanticizing the positive impacts of time outdoors for autistic children. It is unreasonable to expect that all people, including all autistic children, will enjoy being outdoors all of the time or respond positively; in some cases, time in or near nature may increase anxiety (Larson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I just want to stay out there all day”: A Case Study of Two Special Educators and Five Autistic Children Learning Outside at School

Friedman

Morrison

2021

Front. Educ.

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School is often stressful for autistic students. Similarly, special educators are susceptible to burnout because of the unique demands of their jobs. There is ample evidence that spending time outside, particularly in nature, has many positive effects on mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing. In this case study of two special educators and five autistic students in a social skills group at an elementary school in the southeastern United States, we sought to identify the effects of moving the class outside several times per week. Findings indicated that while there were challenges, the autistic children experienced numerous affordances that supported development toward achieving Individualized Education Plan goals. Moreover, there were also notable positive effects for the special educators. We found that even with little prior experience, learning outside is possible and beneficial to everyone involved.

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“…For example, a number of studies suggest that exposure to natural environments improves the attentional functioning of children with ADHD, as well as typical children (Kuo & Taylor, 2004;Kuo, 2015;Kuo et al, 2017;Taylor et al, 2002;Taylor & Kuo, 2009;Taylor & Kuo, 2011). Furthermore, recent research shows that natural environments are associated with decreased conduct problems and increased anxiety in children with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Barger et al, 2020;Larson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Nature Effects On the Wellbeing Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex relationship between greenspace and well‐being in children with and without autism

Barger

Larson

Torquati

et al. 2022

Applied Psych Health & Well

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Greenspace (defined here as canopy coverage) positively correlates with improved wellbeing in typically developing individuals, but this relationship has not been established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To investigate this relationship, the current study merged data from the National Survey of Children's Health (2012) with the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Across typically developing children, children with ASD, and non-autistic children with special healthcare needs, greenspace unexpectedly negatively correlated with wellbeing. Further, compared to typically developing children, children with ASD or CSHCN status had lower wellbeing. Interestingly, typically developing children with conduct problems displayed an unexpected negative relationship (i.e., as greenspace increased while wellbeing decreased), though those without conduct problems showed no relationship. Children with ASD displayed no relationship between greenspace independent of conduct problems. CSHCN displayed non-significant trends sugesting mild positive relationships between greenspace and wellbeing. These data indicate the relationship between greenspace and wellbeing is more complex than expected, and may depend on the diagnostic traits of the population studied.

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Gray space and green space proximity associated with higher anxiety in youth with autism

Cited by 37 publications

References 115 publications

[Retracted] Study on the Influence of Urban Built Environment Factors on the Social Behavior of ASD Children

[Retracted] Study on the Influence of Urban Built Environment Factors on the Social Behavior of ASD Children

“I just want to stay out there all day”: A Case Study of Two Special Educators and Five Autistic Children Learning Outside at School

The complex relationship between greenspace and well‐being in children with and without autism

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