Thirteen new grayanane diterpenoid glucosides, 3-epi-grayanoside B (1), micranthanosides A−E (2−6), 7αhydroxygrayanoside C (7), micranthanoside F (8), 14β-acetyoxymicranthanoside F (9), micranthanoside G (10), 14-Oacetylmicranthanoside G (11), 14β-hydroxypieroside A (12), and micranthanoside H (13), and six known analogues (14−19) were isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron micranthum. The structures of 1−19 were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, comparison with literature, and chemical methods. The absolute configurations of 3-epi-grayanoside B (1) and micranthanosides A (2) and C (4) were defined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This is the first report of the crystal structures of grayanane diterpenoid glucosides. 3-epi-Grayanoside B (1) represents the first example of a 3α-oxygrayanane diterpenoid glucoside, and micranthanosides A−D (2−5) are the first examples of 5α-hydroxy-1-βH-grayanane diterpenoids. In addition, micranthanosides C−F (4−6 and 8) and 14β-acetyoxymicranthanoside F (9) represent the first examples of grayanane glucosides with the glucosylation at C-16.All the grayanane diterpenoid glucosides 1−19 were assayed for their antiinflammatory, antitumor, and PTP1B inhibitory activities, but did not show significant activities at 40 μM. Grayanane diterpenoid glucosides 1−18 were evaluated for their antinociceptive activity, and compounds 2, 3, 7−10, 12, 13, and 16 showed significant antinociceptive effects with percentage inhibitions in excess of 50%.