Grazing by the Echinoid
            <i>Diadema antillarum</i>
            Philippi: Formation of Halos around West Indian Patch Reefs

Ogden, John C.; Brown, Richard A.; Salesky, Norman H.

doi:10.1126/science.182.4113.715

Cited by 336 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Herbivorous fishes are the main group of grazers in the new situation, and the change in cover indicates that competition for food occurred between fishes and urchins in pre-mortality conditions. This is supported by observations that, after experimental removal of D. antillarum, the number of herbivorous fishes as well as their activity increased (Ogden et al 1973, Hay & Taylor 1985. Momson (1984) and Carpenter (1985) also reported an increase of grazing activities by herbivorous fishes in shallow reefs following D. antillarum mortalities at Jamaica and St. Croix, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Grazing organisms are found among molluscs and small crustaceans (Brawley & Adey 1981) but fishes and sea urchins are the main groups of herbivores, though their relative importance varies with characteristics of the reef habitat (Randall 1965, Ogden et al 1973, Ogden & Lobel 1978, Hay 1984. Competition for space on the Limited hard substratum occurs between an array of organisms and is a possible structuring force on many reefs (Jackson & Buss 1975, Jackson 1977, Karlson 1980, Benayahu & Loya 1981, Bak et al 1982, Bak & Borsboom 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in abundance of coral-reef bottom components related to mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

Steveninck¹,

Bak²

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the effect of a reduction in grazing pressure, following mass mortallties of the abundant sea urchin Diadema antillarum, on coral-reef bottom components at Curaqao (Netherlands Antilles). We surveyed cover of fleshy and fllamentous algae, scleractinlan corals, crustose coralline algae, loose sediment and a miscellaneous category in permanent quadrats at depths of 27, 15 and 3 m during 1 yr. At all depths, cover of fleshy and filamentous algae increased significantly, reaching a new equhbrium. Corals, crustose corallines and/or loose sediment generally decreased in cover, but not all changes were significant. At the species level, we found the coral Agar~cia agaricites, at 15 m, to be relatively vulnerable among corals. The macroalgae Lobophora variegata and Dictyota spp. increased significantly in cover at 27 and 15 m, respectively. We expect, in view of the observed continuously low rates of recrutment of D. antillarum, and in vlew of the new equilibrium in algal cover, no rapid return to the origlnal situation, unless other herbivorous organisms will take over the role of D. anWlarum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in abundance of coral-reef bottom components related to mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

Steveninck¹,

Bak²

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Keen & Neill 1980, Russ 1980, Chalmer 1982, however organisms can respond differentially to patches of habitat and thereby may exert potentially important 'edge effects'. Edge effects can result from patterns in the settlement of organisms (Bernstein & Jung 1979, Schoener & Schoener 1981, this study), and they have been shown to arise through the action of grazers in a number of systems (Randall 1965, Bartholomew 1970, Dayton 1971, Ogden et al 1973, Stimson 1973, Suchanek 1978, Paine & Levin 1981, Sousa 1984.…”

Section: Edge Effectsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Formation and disruption of aggregations of Mytilus edulis in the fouling community of San Francisco Bay, California

Okamura¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Successional dynamics of a fouling assemblage in San Francisco Bay were studied on a series of formica plates. Hydroids and barnacles were found to accelerate rates of succession to mussel dominance by fachtating recruitment of young mussels. Development of hydroid colonies along the borders of plates produced an edge effect that was reflected in the pattern of recruitment of mussels onto plates. The importance of edge-to-center ratios on plates of different sizes and shapes to rates of succession is discussed. Substantial annual and seasonal variation in recruitment was found to influence rates of succession to mussel dominance. Disrupbon of mussel dominance occurred when a mixed school of surfperch took up temporary residence. Predation on mussels by surfperch allowed other species to become established on plates, thereby promoting a more diverse assemblage, however disruption of mussel dominance by surfperch appears to be an unpredictable event, and local sites may be dominated for many years by a monoculture of mussels.

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“…Many studies have focused on the effects of grazing by D. antillarum on coral reef communities (Ogden et al, 1973;Sammarco, 1980Sammarco, , 1982Carpenter, 1981Carpenter, , 1984Carpenter, , 1986Carpenter, , 1997Hay, 1984;Foster, 1987;Hughes, Keller, Jackson & Boyle, 1987;Hughes, 1989;Williams & Carpenter, 1997;Edmunds & Carpenter, 2001;Williams & Polunin, 2001;Carpenter & Edmunds, 2006;Furman & Heck, 2009). The direct effects of grazing by D. antillarum are: (1) reduction of algal biomass, (2) enhancement of primary productivity rates on algal turf communities, (3) shifts of algal community composition and diversity, and (4) mortality of recruits and small juveniles of sessile marine invertebrates (Ogden et al, 1973;Sammarco, 1980;Carpenter, 1981Carpenter, , 1984Carpenter, , 1986Carpenter, , 1997Foster, 1987;Hughes et al, 1987;Hughes, 1989Williams & Carpenter, 1997Williams & Polunin, 2001;Edmunds & Carpenter, 2001;Carpenter & Edmunds, 2006).…”

Section: Grazing By D Antillarum and Coral Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata, Equinoidea), algal cover and juvenile coral densities in La Parguera, Puerto Rico

Santiago

Soto

2013

URJ

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Grazing by the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum reduces algal cover and enhances coral recruitment. The overall goal of this project was to examine if there is a relationship between densities of D. antillarum with algal cover and abundance of juvenile corals. Population densities of the black sea urchin, juvenile coral abundances and algal cover were assessed along four 20m 2 transects at two depth intervals (0-3 and 3-8m) within each of two inner shelf coral reefs off La Parguera Natural Reserve (San Cristóbal and Enrique) in southwest, Puerto Rico using a 1m 2 quadrat (divided into 100 areas of 100cm 2 , each area encompassing 1% of the quadrat). Juvenile coral densities were counted and identified to genus or species. Algal cover and composition was measured using each 1% square of the 1m 2 quadrat. Urchin population densities were significantly higher at 0-3m at the two sites studied. Population densities were higher at Enrique at 0-3m than at San Cristobal but at 3-8m Diadema was not seen at Enrique. A total of 30 juvenile corals belonging to eight different genera were found. Juvenile coral densities were higher at 3-8m at the two reef sites studied. Algal cover and composition was mainly composed by crustose coralline algae at 0-3m at both reef sites. Macroalgal cover was low at both reefs. The results of this study suggest that densities of coral recruits at inner shelf reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico are driven mainly by differences in habitats (depth). KEY WORDSCoral recruitment, abundance, Diadema antillarum, densities, composition, correlation. RESUMENEl pastoreo del erizo negro, Diadema antillarum reduce la cobertura de algas y provee sustrato disponible para el reclutamiento coralino. La meta principal de nuestro trabajo era examinar si existe una relación entre las densidades de D. antillarum, la cobertura de algas y el reclutamiento de corales. La densidad poblacional del D. antillarum, la abundancia de corales juveniles y la cobertura de algas fueron evaluados a lo largo de cuatro transectos de 20m 2 , en dos intérvalos de profundidad (0-3m y 3-8m) en dos arrecifes de la zona interior de la Reserva Natural de La Parguera en el suroeste de Puerto Rico utilizando un cuadrante de 1m 2 (dividida en 100 áreas de 100cm 2 , cada área abarcando 1% del cuadrante). La densidad de corales juveniles fue contada e identificada a género o especie. La cobertura y composición de algas fue medida utilizando cada cuadro pequeño representando 1% del cuadrante de 1m 2 . La densidad poblacional de D. antillarum fue significativamente diferente en 0-3m de profundidad en ambos lugares. Dichas densidades fueron más altas en Enrique en 0-3m de profundidad. Sin embargo en 3-8m no fueron encontrados los erizos en dicho arrecife. Un total de 30 corales juveniles pertenecientes a ocho géneros diferentes fueron encontrados. La densidad de los corales juveniles fue mayor en 3-8m en ambos lugares. La cobertura y composición de algas fue dominada por algas crustosas coralinas de 0-3m en ambos arrecifes. La cobertu...

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Grazing by the Echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi: Formation of Halos around West Indian Patch Reefs

Abstract: Between patch reefs and marine grass communities there is normally a zone or "halo" of heavily grazed grass 2 to 10 meters wide. Grazing by the echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi during nocturnal migrations off the reefs is found to be the major factor in the formation of halos.

Cited by 336 publications

References 4 publications

Changes in abundance of coral-reef bottom components related to mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

Changes in abundance of coral-reef bottom components related to mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum

Formation and disruption of aggregations of Mytilus edulis in the fouling community of San Francisco Bay, California

The Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata, Equinoidea), algal cover and juvenile coral densities in La Parguera, Puerto Rico

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