Grazing methods and stocking rates for direct-seeded alfalfa pastures: I. Plant productivity and animal performance.

Schlegel, M. L.; Wachenheim, Cheryl J.; Benson, Mikayla; Black, J. Roy; Moline, W. J.; Ritchie, H. D.; Schwab, Gerald D.; Rust, S. R.

doi:10.2527/2000.7882192x

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Weight gains of LUC 1 Feedlot young bulls that had been grazing increased when they were concentrate-fed in period 2, as Schlegel et al (2000) reported in steers, and were even higher than those of Feedlot animals. This increased performance was a result both of a greater energy intake and a 14% higher efficiency in this phase, which agrees with other studies comparing restricted-realimented v. continuously grown animals (Ellenberger et al, 1989;Hornick et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…In this study, LUC young bulls had a remarkable performance compared with the data of other works conducted with steers that grazed on lucerne with (Perry et al, 1971) or without grain supplementation (Schlegel et al, 2000;Lauriault et al, 2005). This may partly be explained by the different diets, breeds and sexual status of animals in the current and aforementioned studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

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Grazing lucerne as fattening management for young bulls: technical and economic performance and diet authentication

Alibés

Joy

Ripoll

et al. 2011

Animal

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Three fattening systems were evaluated from weaning to slaughter in order to find alternatives to grain feeding in young bulls, and to test the reliability of carcass subcutaneous fat colour to discriminate among them. After weaning (224 kg), one group of animals was fed concentrates and straw until they reached the target slaughter weight (450 kg; Feedlot), another group grazed rotationally on lucerne supplemented with 1.8 kg DM/day barley until slaughter (LUC), and the third group had the same management as LUC animals for 3 months (period 1) and thereafter was finished on concentrates and straw until slaughter (period 2; LUC + Feedlot). Animals were weighed weekly and sampled monthly for serum IGF-I and leptin, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids and carotenoid pigment concentration analyses. Carcass characteristics and subcutaneous fat colour were recorded after slaughter. In period 1, Feedlot animals had slightly greater weight gains than their grazing counterparts (P< 0.10), and at the end of period 1 they had 66% greater IGF-I and 35% greater leptin concentration (P< 0.01). Plasma carotenoid pigments were undetectable in Feedlot animals, but increased during grazing in LUC and LUC + Feedlot treatments. In period 2, weight gains were lowest for LUC, intermediate for Feedlot and greatest for LUC + Feedlot animals (P< 0.001), conditioning the time taken to reach slaughter weight (73, 58 and 47 days, respectively;P< 0.05). Leptin and IGF-I concentrations increased in all management systems during period 2. Plasma carotenoid pigment concentration reached its maximum at the end of period 2 in LUC animals, but it decreased sharply in LUC + Feedlot animals in this period. Management did not affect carcass traits except for subcutaneous fat colour. Yellowness, Chroma (C*) and the value of the integral of the translated reflectance spectrum (SUM), estimator of carotenoid pigment content in fat, were higher in LUC than in LUC + Feedlot and Feedlot animals (P< 0.001). Two logistic regressions were obtained to discriminate carcasses from LUC treatment: P (LUC) = (1 + e18.8–5.6 × lightness–36.9 × redness + 0.3 × SUM + 29.8 × C*)−1and LUC + Feedlot treatment: P (LUC + Feedlot)=(1 + e833.7–11.8 × lightness + 4.7 × redness + 0.2 × SUM−2.5 × C*)−1. The economic margin, calculated as income achieved minus costs, was greatest for LUC, intermediate for LUC + Feedlot and lowest for Feedlot treatment. Therefore, grazing lucerne supplemented with barley was an interesting alternative for fattening young bulls in these conditions, producing carcasses of similar quality, which could be accurately traced by measuring subcutaneous fat colour.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Grazing lucerne as fattening management for young bulls: technical and economic performance and diet authentication

Alibés

Joy

Ripoll

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…The effect of the stocking rate is normally inversely related to the average daily gain if there is no increase in the grass availability obtained, for example, by nitrogen fertilisation [46]. In the present study, however, the one third reduction in nitrogen fertiliser did not affect the individual performance, with grass height not being reduced by the reduction in nitrogen fertiliser.…”

Section: Performances Of Grazed Bullscontrasting

confidence: 61%

Less intensified grazing management with growing fattening bulls

et al. 2006

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-Animal performance, composition and quality of meat from Belgian Blue bulls either fattened indoors (FI) or finished indoors after a previous grazing period were studied during six years. During the grazing period, three intensification managements were tested on a permanent pasture conducted as set stocking. The intensification levels were either high (HN: 140 kg N·ha −1 with 6 bulls·ha −1 ) or moderate with a 33% reduction of nitrogen fertilisation but with the same stocking rate (MN: 93 kg N·ha −1 , 6 bulls·ha −1 ) or low with no nitrogen fertiliser but with a reduced stocking rate (ON, 4 bulls·ha −1 ). The levels of intensification did not affect sward characteristics and chemical composition of the grass. The apparent nitrogen efficiency per ha was larger in the ON plot than in the HN and MN plots (26 vs. 14%). The average daily gain of bulls during the grazing season was similar in the three groups at 1.0 kg·d −1 . The bulls from the FI group were characterised by average daily gains significantly higher than the bulls which were previously grazed and then finished indoors (1.5 vs. 1.2 kg·d −1 ; P < 0.01). The slaughter weight, the carcass composition, the dressing percentage and most of the meat quality parameters were similar between the treatment groups. The inclusion of a grazing period in the fattening system produced a meat which was darker (lower L*, P < 0.01), more red (higher a*, P < 0.05) and had a higher content of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) than that of the animals fattened indoors.fattening / bulls / grazing / nitrogen fertiliser / stocking rate Résumé -Désintensification de la conduite de prairies pâturées par de jeunes taurillons. Les performances zootechniques, la composition et la qualité de la viande de taurillons Blanc Bleu belge engraissés uniquement en stabulation (FI) ou finis en stabulation après une période de pâturage ont été étudiées pendant six années. Pendant la période de pâturage, trois niveaux d'intensification ont été testés dans une prairie permanente. Le système de pâturage continu a été employé. Les niveaux d'intensification ont été soit élevé (HN : 140 kg N·ha −1 ; 6 taureaux·ha −1 ), soit modéré avec une réduction de 33 % de la fertilisation azotée mais avec le même chargement (MN : 93 kg N·ha gain quotidien moyen des taureaux pendant la période de pâturage a été identique dans les trois lots (1 kg·j −1 ). Les taurillons du groupe FI ont présenté des gains quotidiens moyens significativement plus élevés que ceux des taurillons ayant séjourné en prairie et finis en stabulation (1,5 vs. 1,2 kg·j −1 ; P < 0,01). Le poids d'abattage, la composition de carcasse ainsi que le rendement à l'abattage et les paramètres de qualité de viande ont été semblables entre les traitements. L'inclusion d'une période de pâturage a produit une viande plus foncée et rouge par rapport au lot FI. Les teneurs en C18:3 ont été plus élevées (P < 0,05) pour les taurillons du lot HN par rapport à celles du lot FI. engraissement / taurillons / pâturage / fumure azotée / chargement

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“…Then the averaged values of three IC replicates were regarded as the value of IC, and the same as the OC treatment. The summer pasture type, area, animal unit and animal load of pastures of the three farms are listed in Table 1 (Schlegel et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic of aboveground biomass and soil moisture as affected by short-term grazing exclusion on eastern alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

Liu

Tian

et al. 2016

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Short-term grazing exclusion has large impacts on grassland vegetation and nutrition. In order to study the effects of the short-term rest on aboveground biomass, forage quality, and soil moisture on alpine pasture of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, cages were used to exclude grazing from July to October on summer pasture used by three typical farms with different stocking rates. The results showed that, within the same month during the forage growth period, the dry weights of the edible forage in the cages were significantly higher than that out of the cages (P < 0.05) under heavy grazing pressure (from 2.47 to 2.48 animal unit equivalent AUE ha -1 ). Within the same soil depth, soil moisture was significantly different in, and out of, the cages (P < 0.05) and it decreased with depth. The crude protein content for forages in cages was significantly higher than that out of the cages for the farm with a heavy stocking rate and the neutral detergent fiber was significantly lower. This shows that short-term rest periods could effectively increase dry weight and crude protein content of the edible forage for farms with heavy stocking rates. This short-term rest management strategy is recommended for farms with a heavy stocking rate.

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Grazing methods and stocking rates for direct-seeded alfalfa pastures: I. Plant productivity and animal performance.

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Grazing lucerne as fattening management for young bulls: technical and economic performance and diet authentication

Grazing lucerne as fattening management for young bulls: technical and economic performance and diet authentication

Less intensified grazing management with growing fattening bulls

Dynamic of aboveground biomass and soil moisture as affected by short-term grazing exclusion on eastern alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

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