Grazing of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp., by adult copepods of coastal Maine: Implications for the fate of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine food webs

Teegarden, Gregory J.; Cembella, Allan

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(95)00128-x

Cited by 133 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Both of these rates are difficult to quantify with measurements. Grazing losses inflicted on A. fundyense are a complex function of both the heterotrophic and autotrophic communities (Teegarden and Cembella, 1996;Turner and Tester, 1997;Campbell et al, submitted;Turner and Borkman, submitted). In the absence of observations sufficient to prescribe spatially and temporally varying grazing pressure on A. fundyense, we parameterize the impact of grazing with a constant specific loss rate m (day -1 ).…”

Section: Population Dynamics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

McGillicuddy

Anderson

Lynch

et al. 2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

150

132

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Observations of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine indicate several salient characteristics of the vegetative cell distributions: patterns of abundance are gulf-wide in geographic scope; their main features occur in association with the Maine Coastal Current; and the center of mass of the distribution shifts upstream from west to east during the growing season from April to August. The mechanisms underlying these aspects are investigated using coupled physical-biological simulations that represent the population dynamics of A. fundyense within the seasonal mean flow. A model that includes germination, growth, mortality, and nutrient limitation is qualitatively consistent with the observations. Germination from resting cysts appears to be a key aspect of the population dynamics that confines the cell distribution near the coastal margin, as simulations based on a uniform initial inoculum of vegetative cells across the Gulf of Maine produces blooms that are broader in geographic extent than is observed. In general, cells germinated from the major cyst beds (in the Bay of Fundy and near Penobscot and Casco Bays) are advected in the alongshore direction from east to west in the coastal current. Growth of the vegetative cells is limited primarily by temperature from April through June throughout the gulf, whereas nutrient limitation occurs in July and August in the western gulf. Thus the seasonal shift in the center of mass of cells from west to east can be explained by changing growth conditions: growth is more rapid in the western gulf early in the season due to warmer temperatures, whereas growth is more rapid in the eastern gulf later in the season due to severe nutrient limitation in the western gulf during that time period. A simple model of encystment based on nutrient limitation predicts deposition of new cysts in the vicinity of the observed cyst bed offshore of Casco and Penobscot Bays, suggesting a pathway of re-seeding the bed from cells advected downstream in the coastal current. A retentive gyre at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy tends to favor re-seeding that cyst bed from local populations.

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Section: Population Dynamics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

McGillicuddy

Anderson

Lynch

et al. 2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

150

132

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“…In addition, the allelopathic effects have been shown to be due to the production of extracellular substances, which have yet to be identified (Arzul et al 1999, Tillmann & John 2002. A lack of allelopathic effects of the PSP-toxins probably also explains a similar discrepancy in effects of Alexandrium on other organisms such as grazing protists and copepods (Huntley et al 1986, Hansen 1989, Turriff et al 1995, Bagøien et al 1996, Teegarden & Cembella 1996, Dutz 1998, Teegarden 1999, see Tillmann & John 2002.…”

Section: Allelopathic Effects Of Shellfish Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of allelopathic effects of the domoic acid-producing marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Lundholm¹,

Hansen²,

Kotaki³

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Many Pseudo-nitzschia species produce the toxin domoic acid, which accumulates in the food web during blooms, sometimes causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in higher trophic levels, including humans. In addition, Pseudo-nitzschia species have been reported to form longlasting monospecific blooms, and a possible explanation for this could be allelopathic effects of the toxin, since domoic acid has been detected in high amounts in the surrounding medium in stationary growth phase. We therefore examined the potential allelopathic effects of P. multiseries and its toxin domoic acid. In mixed-batch culture studies of domoic acid-producing P. multiseries and the algal test species Chrysochromulina ericina, Heterocapsa triquetra, Eutreptiella gymnastica and Rhodomonas marina, no allelopathic effects of P. multiseries were found. Different growth results using 2 different strains of P. multiseries grown with C. ericina were explained by minor differences in pH. Bioassays testing the effect of domoic acid itself on 9 different phytoplankton species, namely C. ericina, E. gymnastica, Karenia mikimotoi, H. triquetra, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum minimum, P. micans, Pyramimonas propulsa and R. marina confirmed a lack of allelopathic effects of the toxin. This lack of allelopathic effect of the shellfish-poisoning toxin domoic acid seems to correspond with the results of phytoplankton species causing DSP (diarrheic shellfish poisoning) and PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning), where it appears that these shellfish-poisoning toxins do not cause allelopathic effects either.

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“…Zooplankton and planktivorous Wsh are a primary vector of PSTs in many ecosystems, and, as with bivalves, can provide a direct link between the toxic cells and higher trophic levels (Teegarden and Cembella 1996;Pitcher and Calder 2000;Turner et al 2000;Durbin et al 2002;Doucette et al 2005). Several reports indicate zooplankton and/or planktivorous Wsh serve as an important step in the transfer of PSTs involved in kills of Argentine mackerel (Mianzan et al 1997), Atlantic herring (White 1977;1980), Atlantic salmon (Sephton et al 2007) and even humpback whales in the Gulf of Maine (Geraci et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Alexandrium catenella and paralytic shellfish toxins in finfish, shellfish and rock crabs in Monterey Bay, California, USA

2009

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The central California coast is a highly productive, biodiverse region that is frequently aVected by the toxin-producing dinoXagellate Alexandrium catenella. Despite the consistent presence of A. catenella along our coast, very little is known about the movement of its toxins through local marine food webs. In the present study, we investigated 13 species of commercial WnWsh and rock crabs harvested in Monterey Bay, California for the presence of paralytic shellWsh toxins (PSTs) and compared them to the presence of A. catenella and PSTs in sentinel shellWsh over a 3-year period.

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Grazing of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp., by adult copepods of coastal Maine: Implications for the fate of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine food webs

Cited by 133 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

Lack of allelopathic effects of the domoic acid-producing marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Presence of Alexandrium catenella and paralytic shellfish toxins in finfish, shellfish and rock crabs in Monterey Bay, California, USA

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