Grazing's frequency and associations with obesity, psychopathology, and loss of control eating in clinical and community contexts: A systematic review

Adaptation, confirmatory factor analysis, and psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire

“…The clinical implications of our findings go beyond the utility of this self‐report measure to assess for grazing. Past research with the bariatric population identifies grazing as a risk factor for weight gain and as a behavior associated with binge eating (Teodoro et al, 2021). However, the literature is scarce regarding the role of grazing as a precursor for weight gain and obesity or the onset of binge‐eating‐related disorders.…”

“…Two subtypes of grazing have been proposed (Conceição et al, 2014): (i) compulsive grazing (CG), associated with feelings of not being able to resist the temptation to eat; and (ii) noncompulsive grazing (NCG), in which the person eats repetitively in a distracting/mindless way. Recent literature shows evidence for the two subtypes of grazing (Conceição et al, 2018; Heriseanu et al, 2019; Spirou et al, 2023; Teodoro et al, 2021), and there is increasing evidence to consider grazing in the spectrum of disordered eating (Teodoro et al, 2021). Particularly, the CG subtype, compared to NCG, seems to hold stronger correlations with general and eating disorder psychopathology (Conceição et al, 2018; Heriseanu et al, 2019; Spirou et al, 2023), probably due to the association with high degree of loss of control eating (Teodoro et al, 2021).…”

“…Recent literature shows evidence for the two subtypes of grazing (Conceição et al, 2018; Heriseanu et al, 2019; Spirou et al, 2023; Teodoro et al, 2021), and there is increasing evidence to consider grazing in the spectrum of disordered eating (Teodoro et al, 2021). Particularly, the CG subtype, compared to NCG, seems to hold stronger correlations with general and eating disorder psychopathology (Conceição et al, 2018; Heriseanu et al, 2019; Spirou et al, 2023), probably due to the association with high degree of loss of control eating (Teodoro et al, 2021).…”

“…Studies showed that grazing or grazing‐like behaviors are frequently reported among candidates for bariatric surgery (33%) (Goodpaster et al, 2016), in samples with eating disorders (41.6%) (Kass et al, 2015), in the elderly (16.27%) (Conceição, Gomes, et al, 2017), and among university students and general community (66.5%) (Heriseanu et al, 2019). Unfortunately, research on the construct of grazing and its assessment is still in its infancy and the literature is still inconclusive on whether grazing is associated with age, sex, or weight (Teodoro et al, 2021). Furthermore, the literature has been hindered by the variety of definitions and assessment measures used (Teodoro et al, 2021).…”

“…Unfortunately, research on the construct of grazing and its assessment is still in its infancy and the literature is still inconclusive on whether grazing is associated with age, sex, or weight (Teodoro et al, 2021). Furthermore, the literature has been hindered by the variety of definitions and assessment measures used (Teodoro et al, 2021).…”