GRB 021004 host galaxy and environment with X‐shooter

Vergani, S. D.; Piranomonte, S.; Petitjean, P.; Flores, H.; Goldoni, P.; Rodrigues, M.; Hammer, F.; Covino, S.

doi:10.1002/asna.201111538

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The X-shooter observation of the host galaxy (Prog. ID: 084.A-0631; PI: S. Piranomonte, see Table 2) has previously been published in Vergani et al (2011). In Fig.…”

Section: Grb 021004mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 we show the image of GRB 021004 field with the slits used to observe the host galaxy and the afterglow superimposed. Vergani et al (2011) reported the detection of the [OIII]λ5007 emission line at the same redshift as the GRB from the galaxy eastward of the GRB host in the spectrum obtained with the slit position angle PA = 92 • . Its proximity to the GRB host (projected distance of 14 kpc) may indicate a possible interaction between this galaxy and the GRB host.…”

Section: Grb 021004mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the afterglow has faded, the host galaxy can be directly observed through photometry and spectroscopy. This offers the interesting possibility of combining information on the cold and warm gas with the emission properties of the GRB host galaxy (e.g., Vergani et al 2011;Chen 2012;Friis et al 2015;Wiseman et al 2017;Arabsalmani et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamma-ray bursts as probes of high-redshift Lyman-αemitters and radiative transfer models

Vielfaure

Vergani

Grönke

et al. 2021

A&A

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Aims. We present the updated census and statistics of Lyman-α emitting long gamma-ray burst host galaxies (LAE-LGRBs). We investigate the properties of a subsample of LAE-LGRBs and test the shell model that is commonly used to fit Lyman-α (Lyα) emission line spectra. Methods. We considered all LGRB host galaxies with relevant publicly available information. We defined a golden sample of four LAE-LGRBs (GRBs 011211, 021004, 060926, and 070110) with afterglow and host galaxy observations allowing us to constrain the shell modeling of the Lyα line. Results. The census results in 29 detected LAE-LGRBs. We present 5 new Lyα emission detections in host-galaxy spectra and the corresponding unpublished VLT/X-shooter data (GRBs 060926, 070110, 081121, 081222, and 100424A). From the comparison of the statistics and properties of LAE-LGRBs to those of LAE samples in the literature, we find evidence of Lyα suppression in dusty systems. The fraction of LAE-LGRBs in the overall LGRB hosts is lower than that found for Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) samples at similar redshift range. This result can arise because the selection criteria of the parent samples are different and the spectral observations of LGRB samples are shallower than those of LBG. However, we find that LAE-LGRBs are representative of Lyα emission from the bulk of UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2. We find that the golden sample of LAE-LGRBs we studied consists of complex systems characterized by multiple emission blobs and by signs of possible galaxy interactions. The fitting procedure recovers the HI column densities (NHI) measured from the afterglow spectra and the other properties described by the shell-model parameters in the two low-NHI cases, but it fails to do this in the other two cases with high NHI. The afterglows of most LGRBs and LAE-LGRBs show log(NHI/cm−2) > 20.3, implying that statistically, the bulk of Lyα photons that is expected to be produced by massive stars in the star-forming region hosting the GRB will be surrounded by these opaque lines of sight. We therefore interpret our results in the context of more sophisticated models and of different dominant Lyα-emitting regions. We also compare LAE-LGRBs to LAE Lyman continuum (LyC) leakers in the literature in terms of the properties that are identified as possible indirect indicators of LyC leakage. We find that only one LGRB (GRB 021004) would likely be a strong LyC leaker and discuss the validity of these indicators at high redshift. While our work shows that LGRBs are useful tools for probing LAEs and radiative transfer models, larger statistics are required to strengthen our findings.

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“…The X-shooter observation of the host galaxy (Prog. ID: 084.A-0631; PI: S. Piranomonte, see Table 2) has previously been published in Vergani et al (2011). In Fig.…”

Section: Grb 021004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grb 021004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gamma-ray bursts as probes of high-redshift Lyman-αemitters and radiative transfer models

Vielfaure

Vergani

Grönke

et al. 2021

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7, we show the image of GRB 021004 field with superimposed the slits used to observe the host galaxy and the afterglow. Vergani et al (2011) report the detection of [OIII]λ5007 emission line, at the same redshift as the GRB, from the galaxy eastward of the GRB host in the spectrum obtained with the slit position angle PA=92 • . Its proximity to the GRB host (projected distance of 14 kpc) may indicate a possible interaction between this galaxy and the GRB host.…”

Section: Grb 021004mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the afterglow has faded, the host galaxy can be directly observed through photometry and spectroscopy. This offers the interesting possibility of combining information on the cold and warm gas with the emission properties of the GRB host galaxy (e.g., Vergani et al 2011;Chen 2012;Friis et al 2015;Wiseman et al 2017;Arabsalmani et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-ray bursts as probes of high-redshift Lyman-alpha emitters and radiative transfer models

Vielfaure,

Vergani,

Gronke

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aims. We present the updated census and statistics of Lyman-α emitting long gamma-ray bursts host galaxies (LAE-LGRBs). We investigate the properties of a sub-sample of LAE-LGRBs and test the shell model commonly used to fit Lyman-α (Lyα) emission line spectra. Methods. To perform the census we use all the LGRB host galaxies with relevant information presented in the literature or publicly available. Among the LAE-LGRBs detected to date, we select a golden sample of four LAE-LGRBs (GRBs: 011211, 021004, 060926, 070110) allowing us to retrieve information on the host galaxy properties and of its interstellar medium gas, through the combination of the analysis of their afterglow and host galaxy observations. We fit their Lyα spectra using the shell model, and constrain its parameters with the observed values.Results. The census results in 29 LAE-LGRBs detected to date. Among them, we present five new Lyα emission detections in hostgalaxy spectra and the corresponding unpublished VLT/X-shooter data (GRBs: 060926, 070110, 081121, 081222 and 100424A). From the comparison of the statistics and properties of LAE-LGRBs to those of LAE samples in the literature, we find evidences of Lyα suppression in dusty systems, and a fraction of LAE-LGRBs among the overall LGRB hosts lower than that found for Lymanbreak galaxy (LBG) samples at similar redshift range. This result can be explained by the different selection criteria of the parent samples and by the shallower spectral observations of LGRB samples compared to LBG ones. However, we find that LAE-LGRBs are representative of Lyα emission from the bulk of UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2. We find that the golden sample of LAE-LGRBs studied here are complex systems characterized by multiple emission blobs and by signs of possible galaxy interactions. The fitting procedure recovers the HI column densities (N HI ) measured from the afterglow spectra, and the other properties described by the shell-model parameters in the two low-N HI cases, but it fails in doing so in the other two with high N HI . The afterglows of mostLGRBs and LAE-LGRBs show log(N HI /cm −2 ) > 20.3, implying that statistically the bulk of Lyα photons expected to be produced by massive stars in the star-forming region hosting the GRB will be surrounded by such opaque lines of sight. We therefore interpret our results in the context of more sophisticated models and of different dominant Lyα emitting regions. We also compare LAE-LGRBs to LAE Lyman continuum (LyC) leakers in the literature in terms of properties identified as possible indirect indicators of LyC leakage. We find that only one LGRB (GRB 021004) would be a likely strong LyC leaker and discuss the validity of such indicators at high redshift.

show abstract