Ru-based
catalysts are the most promising and concerned candidates
for catalytic combustion of propane as one of light hydrocarbons (LHs).
In this work, different supports such as SiO2, Al2O3, CeO2, and Co3O4 were
investigated to unravel the nature of high activity for catalytic
combustion of LHs, and effects of Ru content, high-temperature aging,
high weight hourly space velocity, and H2O were focused
on. The pristine CeO2 was lowly active for catalytic combustion
of methane, ethane, and propane (T
90C3 > 400 °C), while the pristine Co3O4 and
doped Co3O4 presented high activity (T
90C3 < 200 °C), the loading of Ru sharply
improved the activity of CeO2 especially for ethane and
propane (T
90C3 < 150 °C) and observably
depended on the Ru content, and the promotion of RuO
x
to Co3O4-based supports was inconspicuous.
However, Ru/CeO2 catalysts were inferior to catalytic combustion
of methane and lowly resistant to the high-temperature aging compared
with Ru/Co3O4 catalysts. Based on characterization
results and comparison with SiO2 supports with different
surface areas, the Ru–O–M interface or highly dispersed
RuO
x
species were determined as the main
active sites for catalytic combustion of LHs and as follows: Ru–O–Ce
interface > Ru–O–Co interface ≈ Co3O4 > highly dispersed RuO
x
≫ CeO2. Ru-supported Co3O4 and doped Co3O4 especially Ce-doped Co3O4 demonstrated superior versatile activity, stability,
and resistance to high temperature and H2O under harsh
conditions close to the real full-scale applications, which showed
the potential to eliminate the industrial VOC emissions. By contrast,
Ru/CeO2 was considered to be promisingly practiced in the
portable NMHC detection/monitoring system due to the huge difference
in catalytic combustion of ethane/propane and methane. This work was
considered to be attributed to the further understanding of the activation
of C–H bonds, the optimization of Ru-based catalysts for catalytic
combustion of LHs, and the rational screening of potential catalysts
for different practical application scenarios.