Greater Attention to Task-Relevant Threat Due to Orbitofrontal Lesion

Mäki-Marttunen, Verónica; Kuusinen, Venla; Peräkylä, Jari; Ogawa, Keith H.; Brause, Maarja; Brander, Antti; Hartikainen, Kaisa M.

doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4390

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Here, subjects committed more errors than controls in an implicit version of the AAT, which is suggestive of difficulties in ignoring task-irrelevant stimulus features. This observation concurs with other studies in showing that OFC patients are more susceptible to distraction by to-be-ignored stimulus characteristics (Mäki-Marttunen et al 2017;Kuusinen et al 2018), and agrees with the general idea that OFC damage hinders the implementation of goal-directed behavior (Rudebeck and Rich 2018). Moreover, error rates were associated with greater self-reported impulsivity and disinhibition in OFC patients, as well as with worse emotional control and self-monitoring.…”

Section: Ofc Lesions Increase Approach and Reduce Avoidance Of Threatsupporting

confidence: 91%

Patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions show an implicit approach bias to angry faces

Buades-Rotger

Solbakk

Liebrand

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) can cause maladaptive social behavior, but the cognitive 2 processes underlying these behavioral changes are still uncertain. Here, we tested whether patients with 3 acquired OFC lesions show altered approach-avoidance tendencies to emotional facial expressions. 4Thirteen patients with focal OFC lesions and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls performed an 5 implicit approach-avoidance task in which they either pushed or pulled a joystick depending on stimulus 6 color. While controls avoided angry faces, OFC patients displayed an incongruent response pattern 7 characterized by both increased approach and reduced avoidance of angry facial expressions. The 8 approach bias was stronger in patients with higher self-reported impulsivity and disinhibition, and in those 9 with larger lesions. Moreover, patients committed more errors in the task, which in turn was correlated with 10 self-rated clinical impairment. We further used linear ballistic accumulator modelling to investigate latent 11 parameters underlying approach-avoidance decisions. Controls displayed negative drift rates when 12 approaching angry faces, whereas OFC lesions abolished this bias. In addition, OFC patients had weaker 13 response drifts than controls during angry face avoidance. Finally, patients showed generally reduced 14 variability in drift rates and shorter non-decision times, indicating impulsive and rigid decision-making. In 15 sum, our findings suggest that OFC damage alters the pace of evidence accumulation in response to threat 16 signals, eliminating a default, protective avoidant bias and facilitating dysfunctional approach behavior. 17 18

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Section: Ofc Lesions Increase Approach and Reduce Avoidance Of Threatsupporting

confidence: 91%

Patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions show an implicit approach bias to angry faces

Buades-Rotger

Solbakk

Liebrand

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Frontocortical activation, including OFC, has been implicated in processing anxiety and anxiety-dependent cognitive traits of attention and impulsivity, all of which are strongly dysregulated in nicotine dependence (Gold et al, 2015;Rauch et al, 2007;Ursu and Carter, 2009). Additionally, patients with OFC damage display deficits in attentional control specifically in response to emotional stimuli (Hartikainen et al, 2012;Maki-Marttunen et al, 2017). Thus, nicotine-induced alterations in OFC neuronal plasticity together with activity in associated corticolimbic structures (eg, hippocampus, amygdala) that are engaged in affective decision processes, might contribute to anxiety-related cognitive bias towards no-go signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuregulin 3 Signaling Mediates Nicotine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Cognition

Zhou

Fisher

Cole

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and ErbB4 have been linked to nicotine addiction; however, the neuronal mechanisms and behavioral consequences of NRG3-ErbB4 sensitivity to nicotine remain elusive. Recent literature suggests that relapse to smoking is due to a lack of impulsive control, which is thought to be due to altered functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Therefore, we examined circuitry changes within this structure following nicotine application. We report that nicotine controls synaptic plasticity in the OFC through NRG3/ErbB4-dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition. We observed that both nicotine and NRG3 facilitated the conversion of long-term potentiation into long-term depression at cortical layer 3/5 synapses. Induction of long-term depression by nicotine relied on nicotinic receptor activation and key regulators of NRG3 signaling: (1) release of intracellular calcium, (2) activation of the BACE1 beta-secretase, and (3) ErbB4 receptor activation. Nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity was also associated with accumulation of intracellular GABA and was completely blocked by GABA/GABA antagonists. To test whether these mechanisms underlie OFC-dependent behavior, we evaluated the effects of nicotine in the go/no-go task. Nicotine-impaired stimulus discrimination in this task was rescued by pharmacologic disruption of the NRG3 receptor, ErbB4. Altogether, our data indicate that nicotine-induced synaptic plasticity in the OFC and cognitive changes depend on NRG3-ErbB4 signaling. We propose that nicotine activation of this pathway may contribute to nicotine addiction, particularly in individuals with genetic variation in NRG3.

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“…However, neuropsychological tests typically fail to capture any deficits in attentional, executive or affective functions in patients with lesion to OFC despite their self-reported occurrence (Manes et al, 2002 ; Zald and Andreotti, 2010 ). Alterations in emotion-attention and emotion-cognitive control interactions have been observed in these patients with event-related potentials (ERPs; Hartikainen et al, 2012a ; Mäki-Marttunen et al, 2017 ), suggesting a lack of sensitivity on the part of traditional testing methods. More detailed knowledge, including possible changes in the dynamics of these interactions, is needed for further insight into the neural basis underlying the behavioral, emotional and cognitive challenges these patients encounter as well as for developing accurate assessment and targeted rehabilitation tools for them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofrontal Lesion Alters Brain Dynamics of Emotion-Attention and Emotion-Cognitive Control Interaction in Humans

Kuusinen

Cesnaite

Peräkylä

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Patients with lesion to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) experience challenges in emotional control and emotion-guided behaviors. The OFC is known to participate in executive functions and attentional control of emotion and our previous research suggests OFC lesion alters the balance between voluntary and involuntary attention and cognitive control within the context of emotion. To better understand how OFC lesion affects the dynamics and interaction of these functions, we studied EEG and performance of 12 patients with lesion to the OFC and 11 control subjects with intact OFC in a Go/NoGo visual reaction time (RT) task with neutral targets and intervening threat-related emotional distractors (Executive RT Test). Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N2P3 peak-to-peak amplitude and the following late positive potential (LPP), were used to measure allocation of attention and cognitive control to emotional distractors. Task performance and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions—Adult version (BRIEF-A) scores were used to assess executive functions. As expected, the Control group showed increased N2P3 amplitude in the context of threat-related distractors, particularly over the right hemisphere, while LPP was not modulated by these distractors. In contrast, patients with OFC lesion showed no such impact of threat-related distractors on N2P3 amplitude but exhibited increased and prolonged left-lateralized impact of threat on LPP in the Go-condition. In NoGo-condition, the N2P3 amplitude was increased in both groups due to threat, but the impact was seen earlier, i.e., at the N2 peak in the OFC group and later at the P3 peak in Controls. The OFC group committed more errors in the Executive RT Test and reported more problems in BRIEF-A, thus both objective and subjective evidence for challenges in executive functions was obtained in patients with orbitofrontal lesion. Furthermore, the time-course of attention allocation and cognitive control towards task-irrelevant emotional stimuli was altered as evidenced by ERPs. We conclude that orbitofrontal lesion is associated with altered neural dynamics underlying the interaction of involuntary attention to emotion and cognitive control. These alterations in brain dynamics may underlie some of the challenges patients encounter in everyday life when emotional events interact with cognitive demands.

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Greater Attention to Task-Relevant Threat Due to Orbitofrontal Lesion

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions show an implicit approach bias to angry faces

Patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions show an implicit approach bias to angry faces

Neuregulin 3 Signaling Mediates Nicotine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Cognition

Orbitofrontal Lesion Alters Brain Dynamics of Emotion-Attention and Emotion-Cognitive Control Interaction in Humans

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