Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths

Maeo, Sumiaki; Huang, Meng‐Chuan; Wu, Yuhang; Sakurai, Hikaru; Kusagawa, Yuki; Sugiyama, Takashi; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Isaka, Tadao

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002523

Cited by 42 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in bilateral knee flexion 1-RM strength for LL + BFR (11%; 8 kg) is similar to a previous investigation in women (Seo et al, 2016), though was somewhat less than a previous report from our laboratory with a similar population and training protocol (18%; May et al, 2018). This may have been influenced due to differences in knee flexion exercises (i.e., prone knee flexion in the present study vs. seated previously) as the magnitude of hamstrings muscle adaptation appears influenced long muscle lengths (Maeo et al, 2021). Although, knee extension 1-RM strength was also lower than we have previously shown despite similar baseline strength.…”

Section: Muscle Strength and Cross-sectional Areasupporting

confidence: 81%

Muscle Adaptations to Heavy-Load and Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Methods

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resistance-based blood flow restriction training (BFRT) improves skeletal muscle strength and size. Unlike heavy-load resistance training (HLRT), there is debate as to whether strength adaptations following BFRT interventions can be primarily attributed to concurrent muscle hypertrophy, as the magnitude of hypertrophy is often minor. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 7 weeks of BFRT and HLRT on muscle strength and hypertrophy. The expression of protein growth markers from muscle biopsy samples was also measured. Male participants were allocated to moderately heavy-load training (HL; n = 9), low-load BFRT (LL + BFR; n = 8), or a control (CON; n = 9) group to control for the effect of time. HL and LL + BFR completed 21 training sessions (3 d.week−1) comprising bilateral knee extension and knee flexion exercises (HL = 70% one-repetition maximum (1-RM), LL + BFR = 20% 1-RM + blood flow restriction). Bilateral knee extension and flexion 1-RM strength were assessed, and leg muscle CSA was measured via peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Protein growth markers were measured in vastus lateralis biopsy samples taken pre- and post the first and last training sessions. Biopsy samples were also taken from CON at the same time intervals as HL and LL + BFR. Knee extension 1-RM strength increased in HL (19%) and LL + BFR (19%) but not CON (2%; p < 0.05). Knee flexion 1-RM strength increased similarly between all groups, as did muscle CSA (50% femur length; HL = 2.2%, LL + BFR = 3.0%, CON = 2.1%; TIME main effects). 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) phosphorylation was lower in HL and LL + BFR immediately post-exercise compared with CON in both sessions (p < 0.05). Expression of other growth markers was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Overall, BFRT and HLRT improved muscle strength and size similarly, with comparable changes in intramuscular protein growth marker expression, both acutely and chronically, suggesting the activation of similar anabolic pathways. However, the low magnitude of muscle hypertrophy was not significantly different to the non-training control suggesting that strength adaptation following 7 weeks of BFRT is not driven by hypertrophy, but rather neurological adaptation.

show abstract

Section: Muscle Strength and Cross-sectional Areasupporting

confidence: 81%

Muscle Adaptations to Heavy-Load and Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Methods

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 2018 meta-analysis showed isometric training at longer muscle lengths produced superior increases in muscle size compared to volume-equated training at short muscle lengths. 8 Several studies published subsequent to that paper have shown greater hypertrophy at longer versus shorter muscle lengths in dynamic training of the hamstrings 9 and biceps brachii. 10 Most recently, Pedrosa et al 7 found that pROM knee extension training at a long muscle length was at least as effective, and in some cases superior, in eliciting increases in quadriceps CSA compared to fROM training.…”

Section: Partial Range Of Motion and Muscle Hypertrophy: Not All Roms...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial range of motion and muscle hypertrophy: not all ROMs lead to Rome

Kassiano

Costa

Nunes

et al. 2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This suggests that exercise selection should focus on placing the target muscle in a stretched position. For example, greater hypertrophy has been demonstrated in the hamstrings when performing the seatedversus lying leg curl (159). Similar strategies should therefore be employed to maximize the length-tension relationship when determining exercise selection in program design.…”

Section: Evidence From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training Recommendations to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy in an Athletic Population: Position Stand of the IUSCA

Schöenfeld

Fisher

Grgić

et al. 2021

Int'l Journal of Strength & Conditioning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypertrophy can be operationally defined as an increase in the axial cross-sectional area of a muscle fiber or whole muscle, and is due to increases in the size of pre-existing muscle fibers. Hypertrophy is a desired outcome in many sports. For some athletes, muscular bulk and, conceivably, the accompanying increase in strength/power, are desirable attributes for optimal performance. Moreover, bodybuilders and other physique athletes are judged in part on their muscular size, with placings predicated on the overall magnitude of lean mass. In some cases, even relatively small improvements in hypertrophy might be the difference between winning and losing in competition for these athletes. This position stand of leading experts in the field synthesizes the current body of research to provide guidelines for maximizing skeletal muscle hypertrophy in an athletic population. The recommendations represent a consensus of a consortium of experts in the field, based on the best available current evidence. Specific sections of the paper are devoted to elucidating the constructs of hypertrophy, reconciliation of acute vs long-term evidence, and the relationship between strength and hypertrophy to provide context to our recommendations.

show abstract

Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths

Abstract: Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Muscle Adaptations to Heavy-Load and Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Methods

Muscle Adaptations to Heavy-Load and Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Methods

Partial range of motion and muscle hypertrophy: not all ROMs lead to Rome

Resistance Training Recommendations to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy in an Athletic Population: Position Stand of the IUSCA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About