Greater lactate accumulation following an acute bout of high-intensity exercise in males suppresses acylated ghrelin and appetite postexercise

Vanderheyden, Luke W.; McKie, Greg L.; Howe, Greg J.; Hazell, Tom J.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00081.2020

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For instance, few are hungry immediately after maximal exercise to exhaustion. The suppressive effect of lactate on appetite suppression (Schmid et al, 2008;Schultes et al, 2012;McCarthy et al, 2020) is consistent with results that lactatemia results in appetite suppression via ghrelin secretion (Islam et al, 2017;Vanderheyden et al, 2020). The ghrelin receptor [growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1) is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed throughout both the stomach and GI tract.…”

Section: Lactate Shuttling Into the Future: Unresolved Issues And Futsupporting

confidence: 81%

Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

Brooks

Arevalo

Osmond

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

128

101

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After a Century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell-Cell and intracellular Lactate Shuttles fulfill purposes of energy substrate production and distribution as well as cell signaling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signaling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristic such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signaling and shuttling are dysregulated as occur in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a Phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21 st Century Biology.

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Section: Lactate Shuttling Into the Future: Unresolved Issues And Futsupporting

confidence: 81%

Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

Brooks

Arevalo

Osmond

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

128

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, it has been reported that exercise intensity may differentially affect physiological mechanisms involved in appetite regulation. While low-and moderate-intensity exercise appear to have little impact on appetite perception 73 , it has been demonstrated that high-intensity exercise may have appetite-suppressing effects, which were associated with exercise-induced changes in peripheral gut hormones like ghrelin 74 and modifications in brain receptors controlling central appetite regulation 75 . The observed greater (although not statistically significant) reduction of energy intake in the HIIT group compared www.nature.com/scientificreports/ to the MIIT group supports these previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study

Reljic

Frenk

Herrmann

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the leading physical activity barrier of time commitment and safety concerns about vigorous exercise in high-risk groups, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two extremely time-efficient training protocols (< 30 min time effort per week), either performed as high- (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) over 12 weeks, in obese MetS patients. In total, 117 patients (49.8 ± 13.6 years, BMI: 38.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were randomized to HIIT (n = 40), MIIT (n = 37) or an inactive control group (n = 40). All groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), MetS severity (MetS z-score), body composition and quality of life (QoL) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight (~ 3%) but only the exercise groups improved VO2max, MetS z-score and QoL. VO2max (HIIT: + 3.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; MIIT: + 1.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and MetS z-score (HIIT: − 1.8 units, p < 0.001; MIIT: − 1.2 units, p < 0.01) improved in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, extremely low-volume interval training, even when done at moderate intensity, is sufficiently effective to improve cardiometabolic health in obese MetS patients. These findings underpin the crucial role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and MetS.

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“…Moreover, several studies have compellingly demonstrated that higher intensity (>75% V _ O 2max ) exercise elicits larger reductions in ghrelin and appetite, which favor reduced EI in the hours after exercise (22,25,46). Although the mechanisms explaining the greater appetite suppressive effects of high-intensity exercise remain largely uninvestigated (22), recent work from our laboratory (25,49) and others (19,20,46) supports lactate as a key mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression. For instance, acute supramaximal ($170% V _ O 2max ) interval cycling elicits greater reductions in ad libitum (70 min postexercise) and free living (38 h postexercise) EI in overweight males, subsequent to lower ghrelin (À30%) and higher blood lactate levels (+6 mmol/ L) compared with lower intensity (60% V _ O 2peak ) exercise (46).…”

Section: Evidence Supporting a Role For Lactate In Exercise-mediated Appetite Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although the role of lactate in these various processes has garnered significant attention (5), another relatively underexplored role of lactate is its apparent influence on appetite and subsequent energy intake (EI). In this regard, a number of recent human studies from our laboratory (25,49) and others (19,20,46) implicate lactate as an important mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression. Intuitively, since the intensity-dependent production of lactate from exercising muscle reflects metabolic demand (5), the concept of lactate as a musclederived signal mediating appetite suppression is logical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The emerging role of lactate as a mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression

McCarthy

Islam

Hazell

2020

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Lactate, a molecule originally considered metabolic waste, is now associated with a number of important physiological functions. Although the roles of lactate as a signaling molecule, fuel source, and gluconeogenic substrate have garnered significantly attention in recent reviews, a relatively underexplored and emerging role of lactate is its control of energy intake (EI). To expand our understanding of the physiological roles of lactate, we present evidence from early infusion studies demonstrating the ability of lactate to suppress EI in both rodents and humans. We then discuss findings from recent human studies that have utilized exercise intensity and/or sodium bicarbonate supplementation to modulate endogenous lactate and examine its impact on appetite regulation. These studies consistently demonstrate that greater blood lactate accumulation is associated with greater suppression of the hunger hormone ghrelin and subjective appetite, thereby supporting a role of lactate in the control of EI. To stimulate future research investigating the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule, we also highlight potential underlying mechanisms explaining the appetite suppressive effects of lactate using evidence from rodent and in vitro cellular models. Specifically, we discuss the ability of lactate to: 1) inhibit the secretory function of ghrelin producing gastric cells, 2) modulate the signaling cascades that control hypothalamic neuropeptide expression/release, and 3) inhibit signaling through the ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus. Unravelling the role of lactate as an appetite-regulatory molecule can shed important insight into the regulation of EI, thereby contributing to the development of interventions aimed at combatting overweight and obesity.

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Greater lactate accumulation following an acute bout of high-intensity exercise in males suppresses acylated ghrelin and appetite postexercise

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study

The emerging role of lactate as a mediator of exercise-induced appetite suppression

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